New evidence of re-use of an oak panel in Estonia: Covers of the fifteenth century Codex of Türi

IF 3.5 2区综合性期刊 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Cultural Heritage Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.015

Alar Läänelaid , Kristina Sohar , Aoife Daly , Alicia Van Ham-Meert , Päärn Paiste , Kaspar Kolk , Kadri Paloveer , Raivo Suni

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Abstract

In 2021 the Codex of Türi, dating from 1454, came into the hands of conservators. The manuscript, bound in Gothic style, with oak boards covered in leather, was in poor condition. The leather covering the boards and the text block were partially detached, the binding was loose, and the thread was broken. In the first stage of conservation, the leather was removed from the covers. The exposed oak boards allowed for dendrochronological analysis to determine the age of the wood used for the covers. Additionally, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope analysis was conducted to assess the origin of the cover wood.

The dendrochronological study showed that the wood used for the covers was from trees felled in the same late medieval period as the Codex was written. While the felling of the tree for the back cover dated to around the year of the completion of writing the codex, the outermost preserved tree ring of the front cover was 88 years older, but no sapwood was preserved on this. A non-functional round hole, repaired with a wooden plug, was observed in the front cover. The hole is a remnant of the earlier usage of the board before it was adjusted to the cover of the manuscript. This suggests that the front cover was used for a different purpose previously.

The dendrochronological dating indicated different origins for the cover boards. The ring series of the front cover are similar to oak chronologies from north-central Poland, while the back-cover oak has most probably grown somewhere in western Latvia/Lithuania.

The dendrochronological study was compared with strontium isotope analysis of the boards. Strontium isotope analysis interpreted using a modelling approach supports the likelihood that the wood of the front cover grew in the region around the Lower Vistula River and the back cover grew in western Latvia/Lithuania. Detailed baseline maps for these regions are missing but this study on few items has nevertheless yielded very interesting results.

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爱沙尼亚重新使用橡木板的新证据：15世纪《 ri抄本》的封面

2021年，可追溯到1454年的《 ri抄本》（Codex of t抄本）落入了文物保护人员的手中。手稿以哥特风格装帧，橡木板上覆皮革，保存状况很差。覆盖木板和文字块的皮革部分脱落，装订松散，线也断了。在保存的第一阶段，皮革被从封面上取下。暴露的橡木板允许进行树木年代学分析，以确定用于封面的木材的年龄。此外，通过87Sr/86Sr同位素分析对覆盖木的来源进行了鉴定。树木年代学研究表明，用于封面的木材来自于抄本写作的中世纪晚期砍伐的树木。虽然封底的树木被砍伐的时间大约是抄本完成的那一年，但封底最外层保存完好的树木年轮比这还要早88年，但没有保存下来的边材。在前盖上观察到一个用木塞修复的非功能性圆孔。这个洞是早期使用的残余物，在它被调整到手稿的封面之前。这表明，前盖以前被用于不同的目的。树木年代学表明封皮的起源不同。封面的环形系列与波兰中北部的橡木年表相似，而封底的橡木最有可能生长在拉脱维亚西部/立陶宛的某个地方。将树木年代学研究与板的锶同位素分析进行了比较。使用建模方法解释的锶同位素分析支持了这样一种可能性，即前盖的木材生长在下维斯瓦河周围地区，而后盖生长在拉脱维亚/立陶宛西部。这些地区没有详细的基线图，但这项研究在少数几个项目上取得了非常有趣的结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cultural Heritage 综合性期刊-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

9.70%

发文量

166

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Cultural Heritage publishes original papers which comprise previously unpublished data and present innovative methods concerning all aspects of science and technology of cultural heritage as well as interpretation and theoretical issues related to preservation.