Total and Bioaccessible contents of Microelements in Multivitamin Formulations Exposed to Consumption in Brazil using in vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion (INFOGEST Protocol)

Journal of trace elements and minerals Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100224

Abdon Luiz Ornelas Latif , Thaís Luz de Sousa , Laura Beatriz Souza e Souza , Ivana Ferreira Simões , Alex Sander Lopes da Silva , Daniele Cristina Muniz Batista Santos , Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior , Clícia Maria de Jesus Benevides

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Abstract

Background

Multivitamin formulations (MFs) are used worldwide to meet needs in diets for the purpose of improving health, when necessary. Therefore, evaluating the in vitro micronutrient bioaccessibility by gastrointestinal digestion methods is essential to understand the available fraction of these analytes in the body.

Objective

In this study, methods were optimized and validated using the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol for in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and ICP OES to quantify concentrations of 13 trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) in Brazilian MFs. Additionally, it seeks to correlate the levels of elements indicated on the label with the recommended daily values (RDV).

Methods

Approximately, 0.75 g of MF sample were digested in a closed digestion block using 2.0 mL of 65 %(m/m) HNO₃ + 5.0 mL of ultrapure water + 1.0 mL of 30 %(m/m) H₂O₂, at 180 °C for 90 min. Microelement bioaccessibility in Brazilian MFs through in vitro gastrointestinal digestion INFOGEST 2.0 and analysis by ICP OES were performed.

Results

The range of microelements total contents (µg g^-1) in the multivitamin formulations were: Al (11.2 ± 0.2 to 256.0 ± 22.2), Ba (< 0.004 to 1.2 ± 0.1), Cu (11.0 ± 0.9 to 1327.9 ± 25.6), Fe (1373.2 ± 49.7 to 8480.6 ± 146.9), Mn (443.6 ± 3.9 to 2670.7 ± 137.5), Mo (< 0.02 to 29.0 ± 1.4), Se (< 0.01 to 54.7 ± 1.6), Sn (< 0.01 to 15.0 ± 2.4), Sr (< 0.002 to 60.4 ± 0.7), Ti (< 3.0 to 99.3 ± 5.3), and Zn (551.5 ± 21.2 to 3675.5 ± 40.3). Vanadium was below the quantification limit (< 0.02). The results revealed low bioaccessible contents (%) of Cu (0 to 23.8), Fe (0 to 15.7), Mn (0 to 11.4), and Zn (0 to 9.7), emphasizing the importance of regulation and quality control for consumer confidence.

Conclusion

The analysis of Brazilian MFs raised significant concerns, as most samples did not reach 50 % of the total declared content. The low mineral release during digestion simulation indicates the need for more effective formulations.

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在巴西使用体外胃肠消化（INFOGEST方案）测定多种维生素制剂中微量元素的总含量和生物可及性

背景：在世界范围内，多种维生素制剂在必要时用于满足饮食需求，以改善健康。因此，通过胃肠道消化方法评估体外微量营养素的生物可及性对于了解这些分析物在体内的可用比例至关重要。目的采用体外胃肠消化的INFOGEST 2.0方案和ICP OES方法，对巴西MFs中13种微量元素（Al、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、V和Zn）的浓度进行了优化和验证。此外，它还试图将标签上显示的元素水平与推荐日摄入量（RDV）联系起来。方法将约0.75 g MF样品用2.0 mL 65% (m/m) HNO3 + 5.0 mL超纯水+ 1.0 mL 30% (m/m) H2O2在180℃下封闭消化块中消化90 min。通过体外胃肠消化INFOGEST 2.0和ICP OES分析巴西MF中微量元素的生物可及性。结果复合维生素制剂中微量元素总含量（µg -1）范围为：Al(11.2±0.2 ~ 256.0±22.2),Ba (<；0.004至1.2±0.1),Cu(11.0±0.9至1327.9±25.6),Fe(1373.2±49.7至8480.6±146.9),Mn(443.6±3.9至2670.7±137.5),Mo (<；0.02 ~ 29.0±1.4),Se (<；0.01 ~ 54.7±1.6),Sn (<；0.01 ~ 15.0±2.4),Sr (<；0.002 ~ 60.4±0.7),Ti (<；3.0 ~ 99.3±5.3),Zn（551.5±21.2 ~ 3675.5±40.3）。钒低于定量限值(<；0.02)。结果显示，铜（0 ~ 23.8）、铁（0 ~ 15.7）、锰（0 ~ 11.4）和锌（0 ~ 9.7）的生物可及性较低，强调了监管和质量控制对消费者信心的重要性。结论对巴西MFs的分析引起了重大关注，因为大多数样品未达到总申报含量的50%。消化模拟过程中的低矿物质释放表明需要更有效的配方。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of trace elements and minerals Medicine and Dentistry (General), Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Science (General), Toxicology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (General), Nutrition, Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine (General)

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审稿时长

65 days