Evaluating the effects of amlodipine on the cardiovascular system by solving a lumped-parameter model coupled with a PKPD model using the EMSO process simulator

IF 4.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Science Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2025.121504

Luiza W. Diniz , Heloisa L.S. Fernandes , Argimiro R. Secchi

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Abstract

Amlodipine is among the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs. The need for safer clinical trials and optimized dosage regimens has driven the development of models to describe the effect of amlodipine on the cardiovascular system. Previous research has focused on evaluating arterial blood pressure as an empirical function of amlodipine concentration. This study employed a transient 0D model of the cardiovascular system alongside a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of amlodipine to compute various cardiovascular variables in addition to arterial blood pressure. The EMSO process simulator was used to solve this model, similar to lumped parameter models adopted in chemical process simulations. The results are in agreement with experimental measurements of cardiovascular outcomes in normotensive patients. Simulations were useful in quantifying the improvements in arterial blood pressure, the mean transit time of blood in the microcirculation, the left ventricular ejection fraction, and other indices after administering amlodipine.

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来源期刊

Chemical Engineering Science 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

8.50%

发文量

1025

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： Chemical engineering enables the transformation of natural resources and energy into useful products for society. It draws on and applies natural sciences, mathematics and economics, and has developed fundamental engineering science that underpins the discipline. Chemical Engineering Science (CES) has been publishing papers on the fundamentals of chemical engineering since 1951. CES is the platform where the most significant advances in the discipline have ever since been published. Chemical Engineering Science has accompanied and sustained chemical engineering through its development into the vibrant and broad scientific discipline it is today.