Characterizing full-phase chlorine species emissions from domestic coal combustion in China: implications for significant impacts on air pollution and ozone-layer depletion

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126043

Wenyi Jin, Yulong Yan, Xionghui Qiu, Lin Peng, Zhen Li, Yuying Tang

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Abstract

The distribution and emission characteristics of chlorine in different phases are important for evaluating the impact of chlorine chemistry on the stratospheric and tropospheric environment. This study developed a measurement method of full-phase chlorine and firstly reported full-phase chlorine emissions characteristics of domestic coal combustion. The chlorine content of bituminous coal is 252.5 μg/g, with 87% released into the gaseous, and the concentrations of particulate chloride (pCl), hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine gas (Cl₂), and organic chlorides (Cl-VOCs) of 0.57±0.16, 5.96±1.05, 0.38±0.06, and 0.03±0.01 mg Cl/m³, respectively. In addition, unexpectedly high concentrations of very short-lived substances (VSLS), such as CH₃Cl, CH₂Cl₂, C₂H₅Cl, C₂H₃Cl, and C₂H₂Cl₂, and ozone-depleting substances (ODS), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), were measured, with concentration of 270.71 ppb in total. Total emission of chlorine from domestic coal combustion was 33.51 tons in 2013 and declines to 18.47 tons in 2021 in China. Our results indicate that the emissions of CFC-11-eq and CO₂-eq were relatively low compared with those of other species controlled by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; however, subsequent controls should give greater consideration to coal combustion because of its widespread sources.

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.