Zubair Ahmed Khoso, Moshina Noor Ibrahim, Versha Rani Rai, Maira Riaz, Taj Muhammad Laghari, Israr Ahmed
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and its association with HbA1c in children and adolescents having Type-I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).
Study design: Analytical, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan, from October 2023 to March 2024.
Methodology: Children aged between 5-18 years having known T1DM were analysed. Children who had record of HbA1c for the last one year (4 HbA1c readings, three months apart) were enrolled. HbA1c was categorised as good (<7%), fine (7-10%), and poor (>10%). Patients were referred to ophthalmologists with more than five years of disease screening experience for diabetic retinopathy.
Results: In 137 patients, 79 (57.7%) were females. The mean age and age at the time of diagnosis were 13.42 ± 2.48 years and 7.42 ± 3.60 years. The mean of last one-year HbA1c (4 separate readings, three months apart) was 10.44 ± 2.50%. The glycaemic control was found to be good, fine, and poor based on the mean of the last one-year in 6 (4.4%), 63 (46.0%), and 68 (49.6%) patients, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed among 30 (21.9%) patients. The comparison of mean HbA1c levels between various diabetic retinopathy classifications showed the statistically significant relationship of higher HbA1c levels with diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.011).
Conclusion: The frequency of diabetic retinopathy was high (21.9%) among children and adolescents with T1DM. Higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy, highlighting the critical role of glycaemic management in preventing retinal complications.
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