Impact of Food Insecurity on Malnutrition Treatment Response in Nigerian Children With Sickle Cell Anemia and Severe Acute Malnutrition.

Abstract

Background: In this planned ancillary analysis of our completed clinical trial, we hypothesized that among older children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and severe acute malnutrition, those with higher levels of food insecurity would have lower end-of-trial body mass index (BMI) z-scores compared to their peers with SCA and lower levels of food insecurity.

Procedure: Data from 108 children who completed the feasibility trial for managing severe acute malnutrition in older children with SCA in Nigeria were analyzed. Children aged 5-12 years old with severe acute malnutrition (BMI z-score of <-3.0) were randomly allocated to receive either supplemental ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) alone or RUTF with moderate-dose hydroxyurea (20 mg/kg/day). Caregivers completed the United States Household Food Security Survey Module to measure food security. We focused on the childhood section for its accuracy in assessing food security in older children. Higher scores (0-8) indicate greater food insecurity. We constructed multivariable linear regression models to estimate the association between childhood food insecurity and BMI z-scores at baseline and endpoint.

Results: Most participants were food insecure, with 55% (n = 59) and 34% (n = 37) having low and very low food security, respectively. Higher scores on the continuous food security measure, indicating lower food security, were associated with lower BMI z-scores at both study entry (β = -0.05, p = 0.047) and after malnutrition treatment (β = -0.07, p = 0.016).

Conclusions: Among severely malnourished children with SCA, lower childhood food security scores are associated with an adverse treatment response, reflected by a lower BMI z-score at the trial's end.

Url and trial identification number: NCT03634488, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03634488.