A. Szosland-Fałtyn, N. Maciejewska, B. Bartodziejska
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Europe is the largest producer and consumer of cheese, with growing interest in raw milk cheeses due to their natural qualities and unique flavor. However, the absence of pasteurization increases the risk of pathogens and biogenic amines (BAs), which can cause foodborne illnesses. This study examined the effect of two ripening temperatures (5 °C and 12 °C) on microbial quality and BAs in rennet cheeses made from unpasteurized cow’s milk over 63 days. Microbial counts and BAs were analyzed at nine ripening stages (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 50, and 63 days). BAs, including histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, and putrescine, were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV/VIS DAD detector. Microbiological tests followed ISO standards, assessing total microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, molds, yeasts, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05). Although raw milk samples did not meet hygiene standards, neither the milk nor cheese contained Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, or Campylobacter spp. Ripening temperature significantly affected BA levels, with cheeses ripened at 12 °C showing higher total BAs (464.08 mg/kg) than those at 5 °C (296.63 mg/kg), with tyramine being most prevalent. A positive correlation was found between raw milk use and increased tyramine levels, further elevated by higher ripening temperatures. The presence of hygiene indicator microorganisms (molds, yeasts, staphylococci, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae) and elevated BA levels highlight the need for strict control measures to ensure cheese safety.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Food Protection® (JFP) is an international, monthly scientific journal in the English language published by the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP). JFP publishes research and review articles on all aspects of food protection and safety. Major emphases of JFP are placed on studies dealing with:
Tracking, detecting (including traditional, molecular, and real-time), inactivating, and controlling food-related hazards, including microorganisms (including antibiotic resistance), microbial (mycotoxins, seafood toxins) and non-microbial toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, migrants from food packaging, and processing contaminants), allergens and pests (insects, rodents) in human food, pet food and animal feed throughout the food chain;
Microbiological food quality and traditional/novel methods to assay microbiological food quality;
Prevention of food-related hazards and food spoilage through food preservatives and thermal/non-thermal processes, including process validation;
Food fermentations and food-related probiotics;
Safe food handling practices during pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, distribution and consumption, including food safety education for retailers, foodservice, and consumers;
Risk assessments for food-related hazards;
Economic impact of food-related hazards, foodborne illness, food loss, food spoilage, and adulterated foods;
Food fraud, food authentication, food defense, and foodborne disease outbreak investigations.