Prophylactic vaccines against HPV-caused cervical cancer: novel vaccines are still demanded.

IF 3.1 2区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Infectious Agents and Cancer Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1186/s13027-025-00643-5

Sogand Amiri, Shiva Rasekh, Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi, Nadia Seifi, Seyed Amirreza Fatemi, Shirin Fathi, Ashkan Bagheri, Manica Negahdaripour

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Several high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with cervical cancer and other malignancies. Despite the tremendous success of marketed prophylactic HPV vaccines for the past 18 years, cervical cancer remains a significant global challenge. A nearly 10% increase in new cervical cancer cases worldwide from 2020 to 2022 underscores the urgent need for enhanced vaccination efforts. Current HPV vaccines, including Cervarix®, Gardasil®, Gardasil®9, Cecolin®, and Walrinvax® utilize VLP (virus-like particle) structures and have demonstrated significant efficacy. However, challenges such as type-limited coverage, cold-chain requirements, and affordability emphasize the critical need for further research and development of novel HPV vaccines. Some investigational vaccines, for instance, those using VLPs to carry protective antigens with broader coverage across different viral types, show promise for the future of cervical cancer prevention. Realizing this hope and making further progress still depend on the dedication and innovation of the scientists and authorities involved. This review focuses on both approved and investigational preventive vaccines, including also those designed for simultaneous prevention and therapy. Clinical trials are briefly reviewed, and potential strategies to advance vaccination against HPV-induced cervical cancer are summarized. This review emphasizes approaches that require further investigation in the future.

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来源期刊

Infectious Agents and Cancer ONCOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Infectious Agents and Cancer is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of basic, clinical, epidemiological and translational research providing an insight into the association between chronic infections and cancer. The journal welcomes submissions in the pathogen-related cancer areas and other related topics, in particular: • HPV and anogenital cancers, as well as head and neck cancers; • EBV and Burkitt lymphoma; • HCV/HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as lymphoproliferative diseases; • HHV8 and Kaposi sarcoma; • HTLV and leukemia; • Cancers in Low- and Middle-income countries. The link between infection and cancer has become well established over the past 50 years, and infection-associated cancer contribute up to 16% of cancers in developed countries and 33% in less developed countries. Preventive vaccines have been developed for only two cancer-causing viruses, highlighting both the opportunity to prevent infection-associated cancers by vaccination and the gaps that remain before vaccines can be developed for other cancer-causing agents. These gaps are due to incomplete understanding of the basic biology, natural history, epidemiology of many of the pathogens that cause cancer, the mechanisms they exploit to cause cancer, and how to interrupt progression to cancer in human populations. Early diagnosis or identification of lesions at high risk of progression represent the current most critical research area of the field supported by recent advances in genomics and proteomics technologies.