Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among nosocomial infection--suspected patients in the northwestern region of Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are common causes of nosocomial infections. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance is frequently observed in these pathogens, posing significant challenges to treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and determinants of A baumannii and P aeruginosa isolates among nosocomial infection--suspected patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01, 2021 to May 30, 2021. A consecutive convenient sampling technique was applied to select 200 nosocomial infection--suspected patients. Clinical samples were collected and inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and Tryptic Soy broth. Testing for antibiotic susceptibility was done on Mueller Hinton agar.

Results: The overall prevalence of A baumannii and P aeruginosa isolates among nosocomial infection--suspected patients was 11.5%. All isolates of P aeruginosa and A baumannii were 100% resistant to cefepime and piperacillin. Prolonged hospitalization and antibiotics use were significant determinants of P aeruginosa and A baumannii--induced nosocomial infection (adjusted odds ratio: 5.691, 95% CI: 1.069-7.296, P<.050 and adjusted odds ratio: 4.199, 95% CI: 0.997-6.675, P<.042, respectively).

Conclusions: The prevalence of A baumannii and P aeruginosa isolates was high in the study area. Therefore, there should be serious attention to control the spread of drug-resistant nosocomial infections in the study area.