Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) infection in zoo-housed arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)

IF 1.2 3区 农林科学 Q4 PARASITOLOGY
Martin Polotzek, Floris van der Neut, Perrine Keiser, Zoë Tess Lara Lindhorst, Ann-Kathrin Kühling, Stephan Hering-Hagenbeck, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, David Ebmer
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Abstract

Purpose

Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) (Nematoda: Capillariidae) is a common endoparasite of free-ranging canids. In zoological gardens, reports on E. aerophilus-infections are scarce. We here present a case series of E. aerophilus infections in zoo-held arctic foxes with the aim to provide assistance for zoo veterinarians for future cases.

Methods

A total of five zoo-born and -housed arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) were presented with coughing periods and strong phlegm, four of them showing rapid deteriorations at different time points including dyspnoea leading to death. Coproscopical analysis of pooled and individual faecal samples and necropsies were performed.

Results

Faecal analysis showed shedding of typical capillariid eggs, which corroborated the suspicion of respiratory capillariosis. Multiple attempts of deworming using different anthelmintic treatment protocols (fenbendazole; milbemycinoxime and praziquantel; ivermectin; levamisole; selamectin; moxidectin and imidacloprid) did neither result in negative egg shedding periods nor in improvement of clinical symptoms. A regime performed with fenbendazole (100 mg/kg bodyweight per os over 14 days) resulted in cessation of egg shedding. At necropsy of four animals, multifocal chronical granulomatous pneumonia was diagnosed, associated with a massive infection with adult nematodes detected in trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and bacterial infections. Morphological analysis of extracted nematodes identified E. aerophilus, which was confirmed by molecular analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene.

Conclusion

We here show clinical and necropsy data and morphological and molecular worm identifications and call for further parasitological research in ex situ populations of arctic foxes to assess the impact of parasites on this species.

动物园饲养的北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)感染 Eucoleus aerophilus(同属 Capillaria aerophila)的情况
目的嗜气核线虫(又称嗜气毛线虫)(线虫纲:毛线虫科)是散养犬科动物中常见的内寄生虫。在动物园中,关于嗜气杆菌感染的报道很少。我们在这里提出的病例系列的嗜气杆菌感染在动物园的北极狐,目的是为动物园兽医提供援助,为未来的病例。方法对5只动物园出生和圈养的北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)出现咳嗽和浓痰症状,其中4只在不同时间点出现快速恶化,包括呼吸困难导致死亡。对合并和单独的粪便样本和尸检进行了内镜分析。结果粪便分析显示典型的毛细卵脱落,证实呼吸道毛细病的怀疑。多次尝试使用不同的驱虫治疗方案(芬苯达唑;米贝霉素和吡喹酮;伊维菌素;左旋咪唑;selamectin;莫西丁和吡虫啉)既没有导致阴性排卵期,也没有改善临床症状。服用芬苯达唑(每头100毫克/公斤体重,超过14天)可停止排卵。在4只动物的尸检中,诊断为多灶性慢性肉芽肿性肺炎,与气管、支气管和细支气管中检测到成虫的大量感染和细菌感染有关。提取的线虫经形态学分析鉴定为嗜气杆菌,基于18S rRNA基因的分子分析证实为嗜气杆菌。结论本研究提供了北极狐迁地种群的临床和尸检资料以及形态和分子蠕虫鉴定,并呼吁开展进一步的寄生虫学研究,以评估寄生虫对该物种的影响。
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来源期刊
Acta Parasitologica
Acta Parasitologica 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
6.70%
发文量
149
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Acta Parasitologica is an international journal covering the latest advances in the subject. Acta Parasitologica publishes original papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in biochemical and molecular biology of parasites, their physiology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology, as well as original research papers on immunology, pathology, and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in the context of medical, veterinary and biological sciences. The journal also publishes short research notes, invited review articles, book reviews. The journal was founded in 1953 as "Acta Parasitologica Polonica" by the Polish Parasitological Society and since 1954 has been published by W. Stefanski Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Since 1992 in has appeared as Acta Parasitologica in four issues per year.
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