Repurposing the antimalarial chloroquine: a potential therapy for hepatic injury in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion by modulating apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress

IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Miar M. Sherif, Hanan S. El-Abhar, Hala M. Fawzy, Amany M. Gad, Dalaal M. Abdallah
{"title":"Repurposing the antimalarial chloroquine: a potential therapy for hepatic injury in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion by modulating apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress","authors":"Miar M. Sherif,&nbsp;Hanan S. El-Abhar,&nbsp;Hala M. Fawzy,&nbsp;Amany M. Gad,&nbsp;Dalaal M. Abdallah","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00781-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Besides its local injurious effect, hindlimb hypoxia/reperfusion (HL-H/R) can escalate leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.</p><h3>Purpose of the study</h3><p>This study explores chloroquine’s therapeutic potential in protecting liver tissue from collateral damage caused by HL-H/R, focusing on its effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.</p><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>Male Wistar rats were apportioned into three distinct groups, control, HL-H/R model (90 min/8 days), and HL-H/R + chloroquine (7 days). Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemical, and histopathology techniques revealed that post-administration of chloroquine caused an upturn in liver architecture and function. The antimalarial drug also abated the hepatic content of the surrogate inflammatory marker TNF-α and downregulated the protein expression of <i>p</i>-MAPK p38. This was allied with a reduction in NF-κB p65 the transcription factor but increased the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-10. Moreover, chloroquine amended the interrupted redox balance by reducing the HL-H/R induced increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Chloroquine leveled off hepatic levels of the lipid peroxide marker MDA, the DNA damage parameter 8-OHdG, as well as NO while enhancing the antioxidant capacity by increasing TAC. These beneficial effects entailed the inhibition of apoptotic cell demise by enhancing the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 and reducing the apoptotic markers Bax and caspase-3. Finally, chloroquine succeeded in curbing the autophagy process where it decreased Beclin-1 and LC3-II, two autophagosome markers, along with the lysosomal parameter cathepsin-D.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To recapitulate, chloroquine post-administration improved the injurious remote actions of HL-H/R on the liver by its anti-inflammatory (MAPK p38/NF-κB p65/TNF-α, IL-10) and antioxidant (MDA, 8-OHdG, NO, TAC) properties as well as halting the autophagy (Beclin-1, LC3-II, cathepsin-D) and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3)-mediated hepatic death to improve liver function (ALT, AST) and structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00781-y","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-025-00781-y","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Besides its local injurious effect, hindlimb hypoxia/reperfusion (HL-H/R) can escalate leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Purpose of the study

This study explores chloroquine’s therapeutic potential in protecting liver tissue from collateral damage caused by HL-H/R, focusing on its effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Methods and results

Male Wistar rats were apportioned into three distinct groups, control, HL-H/R model (90 min/8 days), and HL-H/R + chloroquine (7 days). Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemical, and histopathology techniques revealed that post-administration of chloroquine caused an upturn in liver architecture and function. The antimalarial drug also abated the hepatic content of the surrogate inflammatory marker TNF-α and downregulated the protein expression of p-MAPK p38. This was allied with a reduction in NF-κB p65 the transcription factor but increased the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-10. Moreover, chloroquine amended the interrupted redox balance by reducing the HL-H/R induced increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Chloroquine leveled off hepatic levels of the lipid peroxide marker MDA, the DNA damage parameter 8-OHdG, as well as NO while enhancing the antioxidant capacity by increasing TAC. These beneficial effects entailed the inhibition of apoptotic cell demise by enhancing the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 and reducing the apoptotic markers Bax and caspase-3. Finally, chloroquine succeeded in curbing the autophagy process where it decreased Beclin-1 and LC3-II, two autophagosome markers, along with the lysosomal parameter cathepsin-D.

Conclusion

To recapitulate, chloroquine post-administration improved the injurious remote actions of HL-H/R on the liver by its anti-inflammatory (MAPK p38/NF-κB p65/TNF-α, IL-10) and antioxidant (MDA, 8-OHdG, NO, TAC) properties as well as halting the autophagy (Beclin-1, LC3-II, cathepsin-D) and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3)-mediated hepatic death to improve liver function (ALT, AST) and structure.

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
44
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FJPS) is the official journal of the Future University in Egypt. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which publishes original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences and technologies, pharmacy practice and related clinical aspects, and pharmacy education. The journal publishes articles covering developments in drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, drug delivery systems, drug targeting and nano-technology. It also covers development of new systems, methods and techniques in pharmacy education and practice. The scope of the journal also extends to cover advancements in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信