Cutting-Edge Optimization Strategies and In Situ Characterization Techniques for Urea Oxidation Reaction Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

IF 26 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Advanced Energy Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1002/aenm.202406047

Jagadis Gautam, Seul-Yi Lee, Soo-Jin Park

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Abstract

Urea electrolysis presents an eco-friendly, cost-effective method for hydrogen (H₂) production and pollution control. However, its efficiency is limited by a slow 6-electron transfer process, necessitating advanced electrocatalysts to accelerate the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and moderate overpotential, thereby cutting energy losses. Developing efficient, affordable electrocatalysts is vital for practical urea electrolysis (UE) and improving UOR kinetics. Optimizing UOR electrocatalysts requires creating highly active sites, enhancing electrical conductivity, and manipulating electronic structures for improved electron transfer and intermediate binding affinities. This review explores recent advances in UOR catalyst design, focusing on transition metal-based catalysts, including nanostructures, phases, defects, heterostructures, alloys, and composites. It underscores the importance of understanding structure-performance relationships, surface reconstruction phenomena, and mechanisms through in situ characterization. Additionally, it critically assesses the challenges in UOR catalysis and provides insights for developing high-performance electrocatalysts. The review finishes with perspectives on future research directions for green hydrogen generation via urea electrolysis.

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尿素氧化反应催化剂的前沿优化策略和原位表征技术综述

尿素电解是一种环保、经济的制氢和污染控制方法。然而，它的效率受到缓慢的6电子转移过程的限制，需要先进的电催化剂来加速尿素氧化反应（UOR）和调节过电位，从而减少能量损失。开发高效、经济的电催化剂对实际尿素电解（UE）和改善UOR动力学至关重要。优化UOR电催化剂需要创建高活性位点，提高导电性，操纵电子结构以改善电子转移和中间结合亲和力。本文综述了UOR催化剂设计的最新进展，重点介绍了过渡金属基催化剂，包括纳米结构、相、缺陷、异质结构、合金和复合材料。它强调了通过原位表征理解结构-性能关系、表面重建现象和机制的重要性。此外，它还批判性地评估了UOR催化的挑战，并为开发高性能电催化剂提供了见解。最后对尿素电解绿色制氢的研究方向进行了展望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advanced Energy Materials CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-ENERGY & FUELS

CiteScore

41.90

自引率

4.00%

发文量

889

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Established in 2011, Advanced Energy Materials is an international, interdisciplinary, English-language journal that focuses on materials used in energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. It is regarded as a top-quality journal alongside Advanced Materials, Advanced Functional Materials, and Small. With a 2022 Impact Factor of 27.8, Advanced Energy Materials is considered a prime source for the best energy-related research. The journal covers a wide range of topics in energy-related research, including organic and inorganic photovoltaics, batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogen generation and storage, thermoelectrics, water splitting and photocatalysis, solar fuels and thermosolar power, magnetocalorics, and piezoelectronics. The readership of Advanced Energy Materials includes materials scientists, chemists, physicists, and engineers in both academia and industry. The journal is indexed in various databases and collections, such as Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, FIZ Karlsruhe, INSPEC (IET), Science Citation Index Expanded, Technology Collection, and Web of Science, among others.