Mindfulness in U.S. Military Veterans: Prevalence, Correlates, and Functional Significance

IF 3.2 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Hun Kang, Ian C. Fischer, Peter J. Na, Robert H. Pietrzak
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Abstract

While there is a growing body of literature on mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions in veteran population, less is known about who might benefit from these interventions. In this study, we analysed data from a nationally representative sample of 4069 U.S. military veterans to examine levels and prevalence of mindfulness; identify and quantify key correlates of mindfulness; explore interactions of positive and negative correlates of mindfulness; and evaluate associations between mindfulness and functioning measures. Overall, veterans reported average mindfulness scores—measured with an abbreviated 3-item version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—of 5.02 out of 6, with 68.6% reporting a high level of mindfulness (i.e., scores of 5 and above). Results of multiple linear regression and relative importance analyses revealed that lower dysphoric arousal was the strongest correlate of mindfulness, followed by fewer somatic symptoms, higher levels of grit, and lower levels of current major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder symptoms. Additionally, interaction analyses of negative and positive correlates showed that secure attachment and received social support moderated the associations between somatic symptoms and mindfulness. Lastly, mindfulness scores were independently and positively associated with mental, cognitive and psychosocial functioning, adjusting for covariates. This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of mindfulness in a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans and highlights key characteristics and functioning outcomes linked to mindfulness. Further research may develop and evaluate MBIs that specifically target individuals with dysphoric arousal and somatic symptoms or leverage protective psychosocial characteristics such as grit.

美国退伍军人的正念:患病率、相关性和功能意义
虽然有越来越多的文献关于正念和基于正念的干预退伍军人,但很少有人知道谁可能从这些干预中受益。在这项研究中,我们分析了来自4069名美国退伍军人的全国代表性样本的数据,以检查正念的水平和流行程度;识别和量化正念的关键相关因素;探索正念与负相关的相互作用;并评估正念和功能测量之间的联系。总体而言,退伍军人报告的平均正念得分(用精简的3项正念意识量表测量)为5.02分(满分6分),68.6%的人报告的正念水平很高(即得分在5分及以上)。多元线性回归和相对重要性分析的结果显示,较低的不安唤醒是正念的最强相关性,其次是较少的躯体症状,较高的毅力水平,以及较低的当前重度抑郁症和广泛性焦虑障碍症状。此外,负相关和正相关的相互作用分析表明,安全依恋和获得的社会支持调节了躯体症状和正念之间的关联。最后,正念得分与心理、认知和社会心理功能独立且正相关,调整了协变量。这项研究对美国退伍军人的全国代表性样本进行了全面和最新的正念检查,并强调了与正念相关的关键特征和功能结果。进一步的研究可能会开发和评估MBIs,专门针对有烦躁不安唤醒和躯体症状的个体,或利用保护性的社会心理特征,如勇气。
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来源期刊
Clinical psychology & psychotherapy
Clinical psychology & psychotherapy PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
5.60%
发文量
106
期刊介绍: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy aims to keep clinical psychologists and psychotherapists up to date with new developments in their fields. The Journal will provide an integrative impetus both between theory and practice and between different orientations within clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy will be a forum in which practitioners can present their wealth of expertise and innovations in order to make these available to a wider audience. Equally, the Journal will contain reports from researchers who want to address a larger clinical audience with clinically relevant issues and clinically valid research.
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