The burden of refraction disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease 2021

IF 3.4

Advances in ophthalmology practice and research Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1016/j.aopr.2024.11.001

Yunhan Shen , Linyan Wang , Yuxin Cui , Bangxun Mao , Grace Loy Ming Hooi , Oluwatobi Idowu , Juan Ye , Tiansheng Zhu

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Abstract

Background

Refraction disorders are common eye conditions that cause blurred vision and, if left uncorrected, remain a leading cause of moderate to severe visual impairment worldwide. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of the associated burden is lacking. This study aims to describe and predict the burden and regional distribution of refraction disorders using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Methods

This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 on refraction disorders from 1990 to 2021. We analyzed the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of refraction disorders and calculated the corresponding average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in different gender and age groups across 204 countries and territories and 21 geographical regions. We employed the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model to predict the future burden of refraction disorders.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of refraction disorders decreased from 2053.56 (per 100000, 95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 1835.31 to 2275.80) to 1919.66 (per 100000, 95%UI: 1715.24 to 2135.28), with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of −0.21% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −0.23% to −0.19%). The age-standardized DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) rate also declined from 88.04 (per 100000, 95%UI: 62.19 to 125.15) to 79.11 (per 100000, 95%UI: 54.94 to 114.14) with an AAPC of −0.33% (95%CI: −0.36% to −0.31%). Refraction disorders remain a significant burden in regions with lower Socio-demographic Index (SDI), particularly in parts of South Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Older individuals and females are disproportionately affected. The age-standardized DALY rate is expected to decline steadily before stabilising at approximately 77.94 per 100000 by 2030.

Conclusions

From 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of refraction disorders showed a declining trend, but the decrease was not substantial. In some low-middle SDI regions, the burden remains high. Moreover, globally, women bear a higher burden than men. This study provides important information for the treatment and prevention of refraction disorders.

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1990年至2021年204个国家和地区的屈光障碍负担：来自《2021年全球疾病负担》的系统分析

屈光障碍是导致视力模糊的常见眼病，如果不加以纠正，仍然是世界范围内中度至重度视力障碍的主要原因。尽管如此，缺乏对相关负担的全面评估。本研究旨在利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据描述和预测屈光障碍的负担和区域分布。方法本研究利用了全球疾病负担（GBD） 2021年1990年至2021年关于屈光障碍的数据。我们分析了204个国家和地区和21个地理区域中不同性别和年龄组的屈光障碍患病率和残疾调整生命年（DALYs），并计算了相应的平均年百分比变化（AAPCs）。我们采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）模型来预测未来屈光障碍的负担。结果1990 - 2021年，全球屈光障碍年龄标准化患病率（ASPR）从2053.56（每10万人，95%不确定区间[UI]: 1835.31 ~ 2275.80）下降至1919.66（每10万人，95%UI: 1715.24 ~ 2135.28），年均百分比变化（AAPC）为- 0.21%（95%可信区间[CI]: - 0.23% ~ - 0.19%）。年龄标准化的DALY（残疾调整生命年）率也从88.04（每10万人，95%UI: 62.19至125.15）下降到79.11（每10万人，95%UI: 54.94至114.14），AAPC为- 0.33% （95%CI: - 0.36%至- 0.31%）。屈光障碍在社会人口指数（SDI）较低的区域，特别是在南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲西部的部分地区，仍然是一个重大负担。老年人和女性受到的影响尤为严重。年龄标准化的DALY比率预计将稳步下降，到2030年稳定在每10万人约77.94人。结论1990 - 2021年屈光障碍疾病负担呈下降趋势，但下降幅度不大。在一些中低SDI地区，负担仍然很高。此外，在全球范围内，妇女承担的负担高于男子。本研究为屈光障碍的治疗和预防提供了重要信息。

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