The effects of different shoe stack heights and running speeds on full-body running coordination: An uncontrolled manifold analysis

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Journal of biomechanics Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112615

Cagla Kettner , Bernd J Stetter , Thorsten Stein

{"title":"The effects of different shoe stack heights and running speeds on full-body running coordination: An uncontrolled manifold analysis","authors":"Cagla Kettner , Bernd J Stetter , Thorsten Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112615","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stack height is a highly discussed key design feature of running shoes but its effects are not well understood. This study analyzed how shoe stack height and running speed influence full-body running coordination and motor variability structure using an uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis. The joint angle variability (i.e. elementary variables) was analyzed in terms of its effects on a synergy stabilizing the center of mass (CoM, i.e. performance variable). A total of 17 healthy experienced runners participated and ran at 10 and 15 km/h on a treadmill with three running shoes differing in stack height (H: 50 mm, M: 35 mm, L: 27 mm). The UCM components (UCM<sub>||</sub>, UCM <sub>Ʇ</sub> & UCM<sub>r</sub><sub>atio</sub>) were compared with statistical parametric mapping rmANOVAs for different shoes and speeds. The shoes did not show significant effects for the three UCM components. With increasing speed from 10 to 15 km/h, the joint angle coordination variability affecting the CoM (UCM<sub>Ʇ</sub>) increased and UCM<sub>r</sub><sub>atio</sub> decreased independent of the shoe condition. This indicated that stack height did not influence the motor variability structure. However, independent of the shoes, the variability affecting CoM increased which led to a weakened synergy stabilizing CoM (UCM<sub>r</sub><sub>atio</sub>). It can be suggested that the variations in the tested running speeds had a greater impact on the running coordination than those of the tested shoes within the UCM framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 112615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of biomechanics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929025001265","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Stack height is a highly discussed key design feature of running shoes but its effects are not well understood. This study analyzed how shoe stack height and running speed influence full-body running coordination and motor variability structure using an uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis. The joint angle variability (i.e. elementary variables) was analyzed in terms of its effects on a synergy stabilizing the center of mass (CoM, i.e. performance variable). A total of 17 healthy experienced runners participated and ran at 10 and 15 km/h on a treadmill with three running shoes differing in stack height (H: 50 mm, M: 35 mm, L: 27 mm). The UCM components (UCM_||, UCM _Ʇ & UCM_r_atio) were compared with statistical parametric mapping rmANOVAs for different shoes and speeds. The shoes did not show significant effects for the three UCM components. With increasing speed from 10 to 15 km/h, the joint angle coordination variability affecting the CoM (UCM_Ʇ) increased and UCM_r_atio decreased independent of the shoe condition. This indicated that stack height did not influence the motor variability structure. However, independent of the shoes, the variability affecting CoM increased which led to a weakened synergy stabilizing CoM (UCM_r_atio). It can be suggested that the variations in the tested running speeds had a greater impact on the running coordination than those of the tested shoes within the UCM framework.

查看原文本刊更多论文

不同鞋堆高度和跑步速度对全身跑步协调性的影响：一个非控制流形分析

堆高是人们讨论较多的跑鞋设计特征，但对其影响却知之甚少。本研究采用不受控制流形（UCM）分析了鞋堆高度和跑步速度对全身跑步协调和运动变异性结构的影响。关节角度可变性（即基本变量）根据其对稳定质心（CoM，即性能变量）的协同作用的影响进行了分析。共有17名健康的有经验的跑步者参加了这项研究，他们在跑步机上以10和15公里/小时的速度跑步，并穿着三种不同堆叠高度的跑鞋（h: 50 mm, M: 35 mm, L: 27 mm）。UCM组件(UCM||, UCMꞱ&；UCMratio)与统计参数映射rmanova在不同球鞋和速度下进行比较。鞋子对三种UCM成分没有显着影响。当车速从10 km/h增加到15 km/h时，影响CoM （UCMꞱ）的关节角协调变异性增大，UCMratio减小，与鞋型无关。这表明堆叠高度对电机变异性结构没有影响。然而，与鞋无关，影响CoM的变异性增加，导致稳定CoM的协同作用减弱（UCMratio）。结果表明，在UCM框架下，被试跑速的变化对跑步协调性的影响大于被试鞋的变化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of biomechanics 生物-工程：生物医学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

4.20%

发文量

345

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Biomechanics publishes reports of original and substantial findings using the principles of mechanics to explore biological problems. Analytical, as well as experimental papers may be submitted, and the journal accepts original articles, surveys and perspective articles (usually by Editorial invitation only), book reviews and letters to the Editor. The criteria for acceptance of manuscripts include excellence, novelty, significance, clarity, conciseness and interest to the readership. Papers published in the journal may cover a wide range of topics in biomechanics, including, but not limited to: -Fundamental Topics - Biomechanics of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, mechanics of hard and soft tissues, biofluid mechanics, mechanics of prostheses and implant-tissue interfaces, mechanics of cells. -Cardiovascular and Respiratory Biomechanics - Mechanics of blood-flow, air-flow, mechanics of the soft tissues, flow-tissue or flow-prosthesis interactions. -Cell Biomechanics - Biomechanic analyses of cells, membranes and sub-cellular structures; the relationship of the mechanical environment to cell and tissue response. -Dental Biomechanics - Design and analysis of dental tissues and prostheses, mechanics of chewing. -Functional Tissue Engineering - The role of biomechanical factors in engineered tissue replacements and regenerative medicine. -Injury Biomechanics - Mechanics of impact and trauma, dynamics of man-machine interaction. -Molecular Biomechanics - Mechanical analyses of biomolecules. -Orthopedic Biomechanics - Mechanics of fracture and fracture fixation, mechanics of implants and implant fixation, mechanics of bones and joints, wear of natural and artificial joints. -Rehabilitation Biomechanics - Analyses of gait, mechanics of prosthetics and orthotics. -Sports Biomechanics - Mechanical analyses of sports performance.