Structural assessment and retrofitting of an old building in highly seismic zone of Pakistan

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109478

Obaidullah khan , Muhammad Faisal Javed , Sanaullah Khan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study evaluates the seismic performance of a 40-year-old, four-story reinforced concrete building in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a highly seismic region. The structure, designed without adherence to current seismic provisions outlined in the Building Code of Pakistan 2021, was analyzed using a displacement-based approach (nonlinear static analysis) and incremental dynamic analysis (nonlinear dynamic analysis). The static analysis revealed that the building met performance objectives but exhibited low base shear and stiffness in its longer (x) direction, leading to significant member-level damage. Dynamic analysis further highlighted excessive drift and displacement in the x-direction, attributed to the building’s stiff-weak configuration, with excessive stiffness in the shorter (y) direction to support gravity loads and insufficient strength in the x-direction. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, shear walls were analytically introduced in the x-direction, effectively controlling displacement and reducing damage. The findings underscore the need for retrofitting older structures to enhance seismic resilience in high-risk regions.

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来源期刊

Engineering Failure Analysis 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

20.00%

发文量

956

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Engineering Failure Analysis publishes research papers describing the analysis of engineering failures and related studies. Papers relating to the structure, properties and behaviour of engineering materials are encouraged, particularly those which also involve the detailed application of materials parameters to problems in engineering structures, components and design. In addition to the area of materials engineering, the interacting fields of mechanical, manufacturing, aeronautical, civil, chemical, corrosion and design engineering are considered relevant. Activity should be directed at analysing engineering failures and carrying out research to help reduce the incidences of failures and to extend the operating horizons of engineering materials. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties of materials and their behaviour when influenced by structure, process and environment. Metallic, polymeric, ceramic and natural materials are all included and the application of these materials to real engineering situations should be emphasised. The use of a case-study based approach is also encouraged. Engineering Failure Analysis provides essential reference material and critical feedback into the design process thereby contributing to the prevention of engineering failures in the future. All submissions will be subject to peer review from leading experts in the field.