Determination of 5-OH-DMT (bufotenine) in the Asian toad Duttyphrynus melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and Haemopis sanguisiga in Madagascar by UHPLC-MS/MS

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2025.104672

Christina Ververi , Elisah Rasoanomenjanahary Nahavitatsara , Brigitte Annie Bezandry , Vonimanitra Juliana Rasoma Rahantavololona , Cristina Giacoma , Alberto Salomone

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Abstract

5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OH-DMT), known as bufotenine, is proven to have psychoactive effects in high concentrations. Duttyphrynus melanostictus, which produces bufotenine, has migrated to the city of Toamasina in Madagascar, thus, the determination bufotenine’s levels in the species’ samples is necessary. This study aimed to quantify bufotenine in eggs, tadpoles and toad’s skin samples of the Duttyphrynus melanostictus as well as in its predator Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and Haemopis sanguisiga. Two extraction protocols were applied depending on the sample type both based on liquid liquid extraction. Spiked calibration samples were prepared at six concentration levels (10–1000 ng/mL), and performance parameters were evaluated: linearity, accuracy (bias%), precision (CV%) and limit of detection. The proposed protocol is simple and quick, and the UHPLC-MS/MS system used exhibited adequate sensitivity. The target analyte was detected in all samples except for the eggs of Duttyphrynus melanostictus, with concentrations increasing in line with the animal’s development.

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来源期刊

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

4.70%

发文量

185

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology publishes the results of studies concerning toxic and pharmacological effects of (human and veterinary) drugs and of environmental contaminants in animals and man. Areas of special interest are: molecular mechanisms of toxicity, biotransformation and toxicokinetics (including toxicokinetic modelling), molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms explaining differences in sensitivity between species and individuals, the characterisation of pathophysiological models and mechanisms involved in the development of effects and the identification of biological markers that can be used to study exposure and effects in man and animals. In addition to full length papers, short communications, full-length reviews and mini-reviews, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology will publish in depth assessments of special problem areas. The latter publications may exceed the length of a full length paper three to fourfold. A basic requirement is that the assessments are made under the auspices of international groups of leading experts in the fields concerned. The information examined may either consist of data that were already published, or of new data that were obtained within the framework of collaborative research programmes. Provision is also made for the acceptance of minireviews on (classes of) compounds, toxicities or mechanisms, debating recent advances in rapidly developing fields that fall within the scope of the journal.