Desulfurization of light and heavy gas oil from crudes of Kurdistan region-Iraq by oxidation and solvent extraction

IF 2.1 3区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1080/17415993.2025.2454326

Barham S. Ahmed , Luqman O. Hamasalih , Abdul-Salam R. Karim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study analyzes four distinct crude oil varieties from the Kurdistan Region-Iraq: Taq-Taq (TQ), Sarqala (SA), Khurmala (Kh), and Tawke (TA). Fractionation produced five categories: naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil (LGO), heavy gas oil (HGO), and fuel oil. The research focused on distillation cuts of LGO (241–300°C) and HGO (301–360°C), which contained organic sulfur compounds, contributing to environmental pollution and health hazards during combustion. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid at 75°C for 12 hours significantly reduced sulfur content. LGO sulfur content decreased from 0.72% to 0.11% wt in SA and from 2.02% to 0.50% wt in TA, achieving desulfurization efficiencies of 84.72% and 74.25%, respectively. In HGO, sulfur content dropped from 3.67% to 1.78% wt in Kh, with 51.49% efficiency. Gas oil recovery after oxidation ranged from 92.71% to 96.28%. Solvent extraction with acetonitrile, methanol, and acetic acid further enhanced desulfurization, with pre-oxidation extraction achieving 19.42% efficiency in LGO, increasing to 86% post-oxidation. Gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector (PFPD) assessed sulfur removal, highlighting the combined effects of oxidation and extraction on sulfur compound reduction. This approach demonstrated the efficiency of ODS in mitigating sulfur-related impacts.

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来源期刊

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Sulfur Chemistry is an international journal for the dissemination of scientific results in the rapidly expanding realm of sulfur chemistry. The journal publishes high quality reviews, full papers and communications in the following areas: organic and inorganic chemistry, industrial chemistry, materials and polymer chemistry, biological chemistry and interdisciplinary studies directly related to sulfur science. Papers outlining theoretical, physical, mechanistic or synthetic studies pertaining to sulfur chemistry are welcome. Hence the target audience is made up of academic and industrial chemists with peripheral or focused interests in sulfur chemistry. Manuscripts that truly define the aims of the journal include, but are not limited to, those that offer: a) innovative use of sulfur reagents; b) new synthetic approaches to sulfur-containing biomolecules, materials or organic and organometallic compounds; c) theoretical and physical studies that facilitate the understanding of sulfur structure, bonding or reactivity; d) catalytic, selective, synthetically useful or noteworthy transformations of sulfur containing molecules; e) industrial applications of sulfur chemistry; f) unique sulfur atom or molecule involvement in interfacial phenomena; g) descriptions of solid phase or combinatorial methods involving sulfur containing substrates. Submissions pertaining to related atoms such as selenium and tellurium are also welcome. Articles offering routine heterocycle formation through established reactions of sulfur containing substrates are outside the scope of the journal.