{"title":"Differences in gaze behavior between driving instructors and older adults during viewing of virtual reality driving videos.","authors":"Yuta Noguchi, Yukari Hayashi, Masatoshi Ito","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2469102","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze gaze behavior when viewing real-world driving videos in a virtual reality (VR) environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 22 driving instructors and 36 older drivers, all with regular driver's licenses, participated in this study. Participants watched 360° real-world driving videos using a head-mounted display equipped with eye-tracking functionality (FOVE 0). Areas of interest (AOIs), such as traffic signals and side mirrors, were designated within the videos. Gaze behavior was evaluated using indicators such as time to first fixation, dwell time (DT), and revisit count (RC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In many scenarios, older drivers reached the AOIs significantly later, had shorter DT, and lower RC than those of driving instructors. These differences were particularly pronounced during right and left turns and lane changes, suggesting that older drivers may have insufficient recognition of surrounding risks. In addition, older drivers exhibited delays in visual attention, indicating a lack of attention to the surrounding environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gaze analysis in a VR environment is a valuable method for safely evaluating the gaze behavior of older drivers. This study revealed important differences in gaze behavior between driving instructors and older drivers. These findings have practical implications for improving the safety of older drivers. By understanding their unique gaze behavior, targeted interventions can be developed to improve the safety of older drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Traffic Injury Prevention","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2469102","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze gaze behavior when viewing real-world driving videos in a virtual reality (VR) environment.
Methods: A total of 22 driving instructors and 36 older drivers, all with regular driver's licenses, participated in this study. Participants watched 360° real-world driving videos using a head-mounted display equipped with eye-tracking functionality (FOVE 0). Areas of interest (AOIs), such as traffic signals and side mirrors, were designated within the videos. Gaze behavior was evaluated using indicators such as time to first fixation, dwell time (DT), and revisit count (RC).
Results: In many scenarios, older drivers reached the AOIs significantly later, had shorter DT, and lower RC than those of driving instructors. These differences were particularly pronounced during right and left turns and lane changes, suggesting that older drivers may have insufficient recognition of surrounding risks. In addition, older drivers exhibited delays in visual attention, indicating a lack of attention to the surrounding environment.
Conclusions: Gaze analysis in a VR environment is a valuable method for safely evaluating the gaze behavior of older drivers. This study revealed important differences in gaze behavior between driving instructors and older drivers. These findings have practical implications for improving the safety of older drivers. By understanding their unique gaze behavior, targeted interventions can be developed to improve the safety of older drivers.
期刊介绍：
The purpose of Traffic Injury Prevention is to bridge the disciplines of medicine, engineering, public health and traffic safety in order to foster the science of traffic injury prevention. The archival journal focuses on research, interventions and evaluations within the areas of traffic safety, crash causation, injury prevention and treatment.
General topics within the journal''s scope are driver behavior, road infrastructure, emerging crash avoidance technologies, crash and injury epidemiology, alcohol and drugs, impact injury biomechanics, vehicle crashworthiness, occupant restraints, pedestrian safety, evaluation of interventions, economic consequences and emergency and clinical care with specific application to traffic injury prevention. The journal includes full length papers, review articles, case studies, brief technical notes and commentaries.
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