{"title":"The effect of health insurance reimbursement rates on middle-aged and elderly people's hospital choices: evidence from China.","authors":"Biao Li, Xiang Liang, Xiulin Qi","doi":"10.1186/s13561-025-00606-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjusting the health insurance reimbursement rate is essential to optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper investigates the effect of health insurance reimbursement rates on middle-aged and elderly people's choice of hospitals in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is conducted using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. This paper uses the widely used ordered logit model for estimation. We build three types of instrumental variables, Bartik instrumental variable, per capita financial income, and health risk perception bias, with the help of the propensity score matching method, aiming at the cleanest possible identification of causal relationship. Furthermore, we use a mediating effects model to investigate the specific mechanism by which the reimbursement rate influences patients' choice of hospitals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings reveal that the higher a hospital's reimbursement rate, the more likely a patient is to choose to seek care. This paper further calculates the marginal effects based on the benchmark regression. For every 1% increase in health insurance reimbursement rates, the probability of patients choosing primary hospitals decreases by 5.75%, choosing secondary hospitals decreases by 1.47%, and choosing tertiary hospitals increases by 7.22%. According to mechanistic analysis, this paper reveals for the first time that health signals from medical checkups significantly impact patients' health care choices. In addition, we discuss the heterogeneity of hospital choices by region, age, and health status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results mean that when individuals are faced with a multitude of hospitals and are overwhelmed with choices, some small institutional designs can act as a nudge to help policymakers achieve a desirable outcome. The government should fully utilize health insurance's benefit adjustment role and implement a differentiated reimbursement strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887238/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Health Economics Review","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-025-00606-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: Adjusting the health insurance reimbursement rate is essential to optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper investigates the effect of health insurance reimbursement rates on middle-aged and elderly people's choice of hospitals in China.
Methods: This study is conducted using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. This paper uses the widely used ordered logit model for estimation. We build three types of instrumental variables, Bartik instrumental variable, per capita financial income, and health risk perception bias, with the help of the propensity score matching method, aiming at the cleanest possible identification of causal relationship. Furthermore, we use a mediating effects model to investigate the specific mechanism by which the reimbursement rate influences patients' choice of hospitals.
Results: Our findings reveal that the higher a hospital's reimbursement rate, the more likely a patient is to choose to seek care. This paper further calculates the marginal effects based on the benchmark regression. For every 1% increase in health insurance reimbursement rates, the probability of patients choosing primary hospitals decreases by 5.75%, choosing secondary hospitals decreases by 1.47%, and choosing tertiary hospitals increases by 7.22%. According to mechanistic analysis, this paper reveals for the first time that health signals from medical checkups significantly impact patients' health care choices. In addition, we discuss the heterogeneity of hospital choices by region, age, and health status.
Conclusions: The results mean that when individuals are faced with a multitude of hospitals and are overwhelmed with choices, some small institutional designs can act as a nudge to help policymakers achieve a desirable outcome. The government should fully utilize health insurance's benefit adjustment role and implement a differentiated reimbursement strategy.
期刊介绍：
Health Economics Review is an international high-quality journal covering all fields of Health Economics. A broad range of theoretical contributions, empirical studies and analyses of health policy with a health economic focus will be considered for publication. Its scope includes macro- and microeconomics of health care financing, health insurance and reimbursement as well as health economic evaluation, health services research and health policy analysis. Further research topics are the individual and institutional aspects of health care management and the growing importance of health care in developing countries.
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