Targeting TGF-β/VEGF/NF-κB inflammatory pathway using the Polyphenols of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench to enhance wound healing in a rat model.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Inflammopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1007/s10787-025-01681-6

Marwa I Ezzat, Mai M Abdelhafez, Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem, Shahira M Ezzat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The present study explores the metabolic profiling and molecular wound-healing mechanisms of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) flowers aqueous (AE) and ethanol (EE) extracts in an excision wound-healing model. Metabolic profiling of the extracts was investigated using UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and molecular networking. Antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). Carboxy methylcellulose gels of 5 and 10% of both aqueous (AE) and ethanol (EE) extracts were prepared. The wounds were explored macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. The UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS method enabled the identification of 3 organic acids, 14 phenolic acids, 3 phenylethanoid glycosides, and 11 flavonoids from EP extracts. EE had significant antioxidant activity compared to AE. The EP treated wounds healed faster. The EE succeeded in improving healing properties and controlling the inflammatory response by reducing IL-6 and increasing IL-10 expression and enhancing angiogenesis and remodeling via increased NF-κB, TGF-β, VEGF, CD31 expression and α-SMA and collagen deposition. It is worth mentioning that the EE groups also showed improvement in the histopathological examination in a dose-dependent manner. The effectiveness of EE in wound-healing may be attributed to its higher content of polyphenols which also made the antioxidant potential of the EE and its capacity to donate electrons higher than that of AE. This study scientifically enables the understanding of the molecular mechanisms Echinacea purpurea extract in wound healing via modulating skin inflammatory response and indicates the potential usefulness of EP ethanol extract for wound healing.

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来源期刊

Inflammopharmacology IMMUNOLOGYTOXICOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

200

期刊介绍： Inflammopharmacology is the official publication of the Gastrointestinal Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the Hungarian Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Society (HECPS). Inflammopharmacology publishes papers on all aspects of inflammation and its pharmacological control emphasizing comparisons of (a) different inflammatory states, and (b) the actions, therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs employed in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The comparative aspects of the types of inflammatory conditions include gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn''s disease), parasitic diseases, toxicological manifestations of the effects of drugs and environmental agents, arthritic conditions, and inflammatory effects of injury or aging on skeletal muscle. The journal has seven main interest areas: -Drug-Disease Interactions - Conditional Pharmacology - i.e. where the condition (disease or stress state) influences the therapeutic response and side (adverse) effects from anti-inflammatory drugs. Mechanisms of drug-disease and drug disease interactions and the role of different stress states -Rheumatology - particular emphasis on methods of measurement of clinical response effects of new agents, adverse effects from anti-rheumatic drugs -Gastroenterology - with particular emphasis on animal and human models, mechanisms of mucosal inflammation and ulceration and effects of novel and established anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory agents, or antiparasitic agents -Neuro-Inflammation and Pain - model systems, pharmacology of new analgesic agents and mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and pain -Novel drugs, natural products and nutraceuticals - and their effects on inflammatory processes, especially where there are indications of novel modes action compared with conventional drugs e.g. NSAIDs -Muscle-immune interactions during inflammation [...]