Large-scale testing to assess the performance of biogeochemical and soil cover systems for landfill gas mitigation

IF 5.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Acta Geotechnica Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI:10.1007/s11440-024-02511-9

Gaurav Verma, Jyoti K. Chetri, Krishna R. Reddy, Stefan J. Green

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fugitive emissions of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from municipal solid waste landfills are major environmental concerns. To address this, a biogeochemical cover (BGCC) system is developed to mitigate these emissions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the BGCC in comparison with a conventional soil cover (SC) system using a new large-scale laboratory setup that simulates near-field scale conditions. Both cover systems were exposed to synthetic landfill gas (LFG) across five phases, featuring varying gas compositions and influx rates. Surface emission rates and gas concentrations were continuously monitored. Post-termination of the experiments, both cover systems were dismantled, and samples were collected from different depths and locations to analyze spatial variations in physico-chemical properties. Select samples from the biocover layer of both the cover systems and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag layer of BGCC were subjected to batch tests to measure potential CH₄ oxidation rates and residual carbonation capacity, respectively. The results showed that both cover systems achieved their highest CH₄ removal efficiency at moderate influx rates (23.9–25.5 g CH₄/m²-day), with BGCC's CH₄ removal ranging from 74.7 to 79.7% and SC's from 83.5 to 99.8%. Complete H₂S removal occurred in the biocover layer of both systems. The highest average CH₄ oxidation rates were 277.9 µg CH₄/g-day at 50 cm below-ground surface (bgs) in BGCC and 260.2 µg CH₄/g-day at 70 cm bgs in SC, with the lowest oxidation rates observed at deeper regions (at 85 cm bgs) of both covers. The breakthrough of CO₂ occurred after 156 days of continuous exposure and could be attributed to the desiccation of the BOF slag layer. Overall, the BGCC system effectively mitigated CH₄, CO₂, and H₂S emissions, whereas the SC system only mitigated CH₄ and H₂S at moderate flux rates, indicating that BGCC provides a comprehensive solution for LFG mitigation.

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大规模测试，评估生物地球化学和土壤覆盖系统对垃圾填埋气体减缓的性能

城市固体垃圾填埋场排放的甲烷（CH4）、二氧化碳（CO2）和硫化氢（H2S）是主要的环境问题。为了解决这个问题，开发了生物地球化学覆盖（BGCC）系统来减少这些排放。本研究利用模拟近场尺度条件的新型大型实验室装置，评估了BGCC与传统土壤覆盖（SC）系统的有效性。两种覆盖系统在五个阶段暴露于合成垃圾填埋气（LFG）中，具有不同的气体成分和流入速率。连续监测地表排放率和气体浓度。实验结束后，拆除两个覆盖系统，从不同深度和位置采集样品，分析其物理化学性质的空间变化。选取BGCC生物覆盖层和碱性氧炉（BOF）渣层样品进行批量试验，分别测定潜在的CH4氧化速率和剩余碳化能力。结果表明，两种覆盖体系在中等流入速率（23.9 ~ 25.5 g CH4/m2-d）下的CH4去除率最高，其中BGCC的CH4去除率为74.7 ~ 79.7%，SC的CH4去除率为83.5 ~ 99.8%。两个系统的生物覆盖层都完全去除了H2S。BGCC在地表以下50 cm处平均氧化速率最高，为277.9µg CH4/g-d， SC在地表以下70 cm处平均氧化速率为260.2µg CH4/g-d，两个覆盖的深层氧化速率最低（85 cm bgs）。CO2在连续暴露156天后出现突破，其原因可能是转炉炉渣层的干燥。总体而言，BGCC系统有效地减轻了CH4、CO2和H2S的排放，而SC系统仅以中等的通量率减轻了CH4和H2S的排放，这表明BGCC为缓解LFG提供了全面的解决方案。

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来源期刊

Acta Geotechnica ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL-

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

17.50%

发文量

297

审稿时长

4 months

期刊介绍： Acta Geotechnica is an international journal devoted to the publication and dissemination of basic and applied research in geoengineering – an interdisciplinary field dealing with geomaterials such as soils and rocks. Coverage emphasizes the interplay between geomechanical models and their engineering applications. The journal presents original research papers on fundamental concepts in geomechanics and their novel applications in geoengineering based on experimental, analytical and/or numerical approaches. The main purpose of the journal is to foster understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the phenomena and processes in geomaterials, from kilometer-scale problems as they occur in geoscience, and down to the nano-scale, with their potential impact on geoengineering. The journal strives to report and archive progress in the field in a timely manner, presenting research papers, review articles, short notes and letters to the editors.