M. Muthumeenal, M. Rajalakshmi, R. Indirajith, Manivannan Nandhagopal
{"title":"Investigation of antimicrobial properties of graphene and reduced graphene oxide coated NiTi alloys","authors":"M. Muthumeenal, M. Rajalakshmi, R. Indirajith, Manivannan Nandhagopal","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08380-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys are widely used in dental applications like orthodontic wires, endodontic instruments and implants due to their shape memory and superelasticity. However, their biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties need improvement for long-term performance in the oral environment. The purpose of this study is to enhance their suitability for long-term applications in dental and medical fields. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization and bioactivity of graphene (G) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coatings on NiTi alloys to improve their surface properties. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) using the hydrazine reduction method. Graphene (G) and rGO were then coated onto NiTi substrates via the dip-coating technique. The samples were analyzed using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). PXRD results confirmed the presence of G and rGO, showing a shift in peak positions, indicating structural modifications. The calculated average crystallite size 6.5 nm (G) and 11.3 nm (rGO), suggesting nanostructural formation. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups on G/rGO, contributing to the materials biocompatibility. Raman spectroscopy showed the D/G band, confirming the successful reduction of graphene oxide and maintaining the structural integrity of the Samples. SEM images confirmed the layer formation of G and rGO on NiTi, supporting their uniform coating and enhancing the structural properties of the material. Bioactivity tests revealed that rGO-coated NiTi exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, antifungal properties and hemolytic activity, highlighting its ability to be a promising coating material for dental implants. These results suggest that rGO coatings significantly enhance the bioactivity of NiTi alloys, improving their suitability for long-term dental and medical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Physics A","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00339-025-08380-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys are widely used in dental applications like orthodontic wires, endodontic instruments and implants due to their shape memory and superelasticity. However, their biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties need improvement for long-term performance in the oral environment. The purpose of this study is to enhance their suitability for long-term applications in dental and medical fields. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization and bioactivity of graphene (G) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coatings on NiTi alloys to improve their surface properties. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) using the hydrazine reduction method. Graphene (G) and rGO were then coated onto NiTi substrates via the dip-coating technique. The samples were analyzed using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). PXRD results confirmed the presence of G and rGO, showing a shift in peak positions, indicating structural modifications. The calculated average crystallite size 6.5 nm (G) and 11.3 nm (rGO), suggesting nanostructural formation. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups on G/rGO, contributing to the materials biocompatibility. Raman spectroscopy showed the D/G band, confirming the successful reduction of graphene oxide and maintaining the structural integrity of the Samples. SEM images confirmed the layer formation of G and rGO on NiTi, supporting their uniform coating and enhancing the structural properties of the material. Bioactivity tests revealed that rGO-coated NiTi exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, antifungal properties and hemolytic activity, highlighting its ability to be a promising coating material for dental implants. These results suggest that rGO coatings significantly enhance the bioactivity of NiTi alloys, improving their suitability for long-term dental and medical applications.
期刊介绍：
Applied Physics A publishes experimental and theoretical investigations in applied physics as regular articles, rapid communications, and invited papers. The distinguished 30-member Board of Editors reflects the interdisciplinary approach of the journal and ensures the highest quality of peer review.
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