Hydrothermal carbonization of herbal medicine waste: Process parameters optimization, secondary char formation and its effect on hydrochar properties

IF 8.4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Management Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124819

Yao Luo , Tie Mi , Fang Huang , Yuting Liu , Qian Liu , Shanzhi Xin , Xiaoye Liu

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Abstract

As a kind of high moisture organic solid waste, herbal medicine waste (HMW) is a carbon-neutral resource. This work used the response surface method, the central composite design (CCD), to explore the optimal conditions of the HMW HTC process. Based on the influence of secondary char (SC) on the properties of hydrochar (HC), the formation mechanism of SC was explored by analyzing the physical and chemical properties of HC, primary char (PC) and SC. By using the CCD, the number of experimental groups was reduced from 125 to 20, which significantly reduced both the time and economic cost. A reliable response model was established, and the optimal response values for each model were obtained. The main components of SC were esters, organic acids, and phenols. It was mainly formed through chemical reactions such as the hydrolysis and condensation of hemicellulose, cellulose, and soluble lignin. Combustion characteristic analysis showed that SC would reduce the peak temperature of the first weight loss of HC combustion and increase the overall reaction rate of combustion. Further, the SC was analyzed in detail. The results showed that HC was a solid char formed after SC, in the form of amorphous solid, attached to PC. SC on HC would affect the physical and chemical properties of HC. Therefore, SC was a factor that must be considered when using the hydrothermal carbonization method for high-moisture biomass high-value utilization. The mechanism of SC generation was proposed in the study.

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中药材废弃物水热碳化：工艺参数优化、二次焦形成及其对水合物性质的影响

中药废弃物作为一种高水分有机固体废弃物，是一种碳中性资源。本工作采用响应面法、中心复合设计（CCD），探索了HMW - HTC工艺的最佳条件。基于二次焦（SC）对碳氢化合物（HC）性质的影响，通过分析HC、一次焦（PC）和二次焦（SC）的理化性质，探讨了二次焦的形成机理。利用CCD，将实验组数从125个减少到20个，显著降低了实验时间和经济成本。建立了可靠的响应模型，得到了各模型的最优响应值。SC的主要成分为酯类、有机酸类和酚类。它主要是通过半纤维素、纤维素和可溶性木质素的水解缩合等化学反应形成的。燃烧特性分析表明，SC降低了HC燃烧第一次失重的峰值温度，提高了燃烧的总反应速率。在此基础上，对SC进行了详细分析。结果表明，HC是SC后形成的固体炭，以无定形固体的形式附着在PC上。SC对HC的作用会影响HC的理化性能。因此，采用水热炭化方法进行高水分生物质高价值利用时，SC是必须考虑的因素。本研究提出了SC的产生机制。

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来源期刊

Journal of Environmental Management 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

13.70

自引率

5.70%

发文量

2477

审稿时长

84 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Environmental Management is a journal for the publication of peer reviewed, original research for all aspects of management and the managed use of the environment, both natural and man-made.Critical review articles are also welcome; submission of these is strongly encouraged.