{"title":"Effect of coating fillers with HEMA-phosphate copolymer on the mechanical properties of an experimental composite resin.","authors":"Niusha Golbari, Azam Valian, Farhood Najafi","doi":"10.17219/dmp/134147","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The water sorption and hydrolysis of silane over time can compromise the filler-resin matrix interface and cause the mechanical degradation of composite resins. The use of hydrophobic polymers for the surface treatment of fillers may improve the mechanical properties and durability of composites.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the effect of the surface treatment of fillers with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-phosphate copolymer on the mechanical properties of an experimental composite resin.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this in vitro experimental study, HEMA-phosphate copolymer was synthesized and coupled with nano-silica powder. To assess the presence of the copolymer coating on the fillers, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. The fillers treated with different percentages of HEMA-phosphate copolymer were mixed with the resin matrix to fabricate experimental composites. The three-point flexural strength, microhardness and degree of conversion (DC) of 78 fabricated composite specimens were measured. Data was analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA confirmed the attachment of the copolymer to the nano-silica filler for the synthesis of the composites. Group 1 (control) showed the maximum and group 6 showed the minimum hardness. Hardness decreased with an increase in the percentage of copolymer in the study groups. The maximum and minimum flexural strength and DC were noted in group 6 and the control group, respectively. Increasing the percentage of copolymer and its combination with silane non-linearly increased the flexural strength and DC of the experimental composites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing the percentage of HEMA-phosphate copolymer with/without silane for the coating of fillers improved the mechanical properties of the experimental composites, particularly their flexural strength and DC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"62 1","pages":"115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dental and Medical Problems","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/134147","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: The water sorption and hydrolysis of silane over time can compromise the filler-resin matrix interface and cause the mechanical degradation of composite resins. The use of hydrophobic polymers for the surface treatment of fillers may improve the mechanical properties and durability of composites.
Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of the surface treatment of fillers with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-phosphate copolymer on the mechanical properties of an experimental composite resin.
Material and methods: In this in vitro experimental study, HEMA-phosphate copolymer was synthesized and coupled with nano-silica powder. To assess the presence of the copolymer coating on the fillers, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. The fillers treated with different percentages of HEMA-phosphate copolymer were mixed with the resin matrix to fabricate experimental composites. The three-point flexural strength, microhardness and degree of conversion (DC) of 78 fabricated composite specimens were measured. Data was analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.
Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA confirmed the attachment of the copolymer to the nano-silica filler for the synthesis of the composites. Group 1 (control) showed the maximum and group 6 showed the minimum hardness. Hardness decreased with an increase in the percentage of copolymer in the study groups. The maximum and minimum flexural strength and DC were noted in group 6 and the control group, respectively. Increasing the percentage of copolymer and its combination with silane non-linearly increased the flexural strength and DC of the experimental composites.
Conclusions: Increasing the percentage of HEMA-phosphate copolymer with/without silane for the coating of fillers improved the mechanical properties of the experimental composites, particularly their flexural strength and DC.
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