Diversity of sulfur cycling halophiles within the Salton Sea, California's largest lake.

IF 4 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Linton Freund, Caroline Hung, Talyssa M Topacio, Charles Diamond, Alyson Fresquez, Timothy W Lyons, Emma L Aronson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Microorganisms are the biotic foundation for nutrient cycling across ecosystems, and their assembly is often based on the nutrient availability of their environment. Though previous research has explored the seasonal lake turnover and geochemical cycling within the Salton Sea, California's largest lake, the microbial community of this declining ecosystem has been largely overlooked. We collected seawater from a single location within the Salton Sea at 0 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 7 m, 9 m, 10 m, and 10.5 m depths in August 2021, December 2021, and April 2022.

Results: We observed that the water column microbiome significantly varied by season (R2 = 0.59, P = 0.003). Temperature (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.004), dissolved organic matter (R2 = 0.13, P = 0.004), and dissolved oxygen (R2 = 0.089, P = 0.004) were significant drivers of seasonal changes in microbial composition. In addition, several halophilic mixotrophs and other extremotolerant bacteria were consistently identified in samples across depths and time points, though their relative abundances fluctuated by season. We found that while sulfur cycling genes were present in all metagenomes, their relative coverages fluctuated by pathway and season throughout the water column. Sulfur oxidation and incomplete sulfur oxidation pathways were conserved in the microbiome across seasons.

Conclusions: Our work demonstrates that the microbiome within the Salton Seawater has the capacity to metabolize sulfur species and utilize multiple trophic strategies, such as alternating between chemorganotrophy and chemolithoautrophy, to survive this harsh, fluctuating environment. Together, these results suggest that the Salton Sea microbiome is integral in the geochemical cycling of this ever-changing ecosystem and thus contributes to the seasonal dynamics of the Salton Sea. Further work is required to understand how these environmental bacteria are implicated relationship between the Salton Sea's sulfur cycle, dust proliferation, and respiratory distress experienced by the local population.

加州最大湖泊索尔顿海中硫循环嗜盐生物的多样性。
背景:微生物是生态系统中养分循环的生物基础,它们的组装通常基于其环境的养分可用性。尽管之前的研究已经探索了加州最大的湖泊索尔顿海的季节性湖泊更替和地球化学循环,但这个不断下降的生态系统的微生物群落在很大程度上被忽视了。我们分别于2021年8月、2021年12月和2022年4月在Salton海的单个地点收集了0米、3米、4米、5米、7米、9米、10米和10.5米深度的海水。结果:水柱微生物群随季节变化显著(R2 = 0.59, P = 0.003)。温度(R2 = 0.27, P = 0.004)、溶解有机质(R2 = 0.13, P = 0.004)和溶解氧(R2 = 0.089, P = 0.004)是微生物组成季节变化的显著驱动因素。此外,在不同深度和时间点的样品中一致发现了几种嗜盐混合营养菌和其他极端耐受细菌,尽管它们的相对丰度随季节而波动。我们发现,虽然硫循环基因存在于所有宏基因组中,但它们的相对覆盖率在整个水柱中随途径和季节而波动。硫氧化和不完全硫氧化途径在不同季节的微生物组中都是保守的。结论:我们的工作表明,索尔顿海水中的微生物群具有代谢硫物质的能力,并利用多种营养策略,如在化学有机营养和化学岩石营养之间交替,在这种恶劣、波动的环境中生存。综上所述,这些结果表明,索尔顿海微生物群在这个不断变化的生态系统的地球化学循环中是不可或缺的,因此有助于索尔顿海的季节性动态。需要进一步的工作来了解这些环境细菌是如何与索尔顿海的硫循环、粉尘扩散和当地居民经历的呼吸窘迫有关的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMC Microbiology
BMC Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
280
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: BMC Microbiology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on analytical and functional studies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and small parasites, as well as host and therapeutic responses to them and their interaction with the environment.
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