A Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin in Groundnut and Maize Products in Africa: Prevalence, Detection and Mitigation Strategies

IF 2.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Jolly Oder Akullo, David Kalule Okello, Abdi Mohammed, Robert Muyinda, Robert Amayo, David Magumba, Robert Gidoi, Samuel Njoroge, Alice Mweetwa
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Abstract

Aflatoxins are a toxic secondary metabolite, mainly produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination of food is a global concern, as they are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. Groundnuts and maize products are highly susceptible to aflatoxin contamination at both pre- and postharvest stages; this leads to a great risk for those countries that rely on these products for food and nutrition security as well as income. Groundnut and maize products have contributed a substantial amount of aflatoxin exposure to human and animal health risks, especially in countries that experience tropical climate and recurrent drought, favouring mould developments. Due to the strange health impacts of aflatoxin in agricultural commodities, different countries have set the acceptable limits for groundnut and maize products, whereas most of the countries use the same limit for both commodities. Detection and quantification of aflatoxins in groundnut and maize products are mainly through enzyme-linked immunoaffinity assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), among others. However, currently rapid, accurate and cost-effective techniques are emerging to quickly monitor and enforce the regulation limits. Among the widely applied strategies for aflatoxin mitigation are biological control including atoxigenic Aspergillus strains, plant extracts, and chemical and physical methods of detoxification and decontamination. Aflatoxin decontamination using plant extracts is promising for most countries in sub-Saharan Africa owing to the availability, ease of access and affordability; however, there is a need for further screening to isolate the bioactive ingredients. This review could provide insight into the researchers, stakeholders and consumers on the prevalence of aflatoxin in groundnut and maize products as well as mitigation strategies to improve food safety.

Abstract Image

非洲花生和玉米产品中黄曲霉毒素的全面审查:流行,检测和缓解策略
黄曲霉毒素是一种有毒的次生代谢物,主要由黄曲霉和寄生菌产生。食品中的黄曲霉毒素污染是全球关注的问题,因为它们具有致癌性、诱变性和致畸性。花生和玉米制品在采前和采后阶段都极易受到黄曲霉毒素污染;这给那些依靠这些产品获得粮食和营养安全以及收入的国家带来了巨大的风险。花生和玉米产品对人类和动物的健康风险造成了大量黄曲霉毒素暴露,特别是在经历热带气候和经常性干旱的国家,这有利于霉菌的发展。由于农产品中黄曲霉毒素对健康的奇怪影响,不同国家制定了花生和玉米产品的可接受限量,而大多数国家对这两种商品使用相同的限量。花生和玉米制品中黄曲霉毒素的检测和定量主要采用酶联免疫亲和法(ELISA)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等方法。然而,目前正在出现快速,准确和具有成本效益的技术来快速监测和执行法规限制。在广泛应用的黄曲霉毒素缓解策略中,生物控制包括产氧曲霉菌株,植物提取物,以及化学和物理解毒和去污方法。利用植物提取物净化黄曲霉毒素对撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数国家来说是有希望的,因为它的可得性、易获得性和可负担性;然而,需要进一步筛选以分离出生物活性成分。该综述可以为研究人员、利益相关者和消费者提供有关花生和玉米产品中黄曲霉毒素流行情况的见解,以及改善食品安全的缓解策略。
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来源期刊
Journal of Food Quality
Journal of Food Quality 工程技术-食品科技
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
6.10%
发文量
285
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Food Quality is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles related to all aspects of food quality characteristics acceptable to consumers. The journal aims to provide a valuable resource for food scientists, nutritionists, food producers, the public health sector, and governmental and non-governmental agencies with an interest in food quality.
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