Electrocatalytic Stability Over Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Abstract

Achieving large-scale, low-cost hydrogen production through proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a key strategic direction in the energy revolution. However, the high potential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the acidic environment seriously limit the hydrogen production efficiency. RuO₂-based catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic structure and exceptional activity in the OER. Nevertheless, their durability remains insufficient for long-term PEMWE and hydrogen generation. This paper explores the fundamental causes of catalyst degradation and strategies to enhance the catalyst stability under different reaction pathways. Additionally, the importance of PEMWE components, including bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies, in improving system stability and efficiency is emphasized, highlighting their role in large-scale applications of PEMWE. Looking forward, research efforts should prioritize the optimization of both catalysts and system components to achieve a balance between the performance, cost, and long-term durability. By addressing these factors, we can unlock the full potential of PEMWE technology and make hydrogen a viable, large-scale solution for clean energy production.