Impact of Autoclaving on the Dimensional Stability of 3D-Printed Guides for Orthodontic Mini-Implant Insertion – An In Vitro Study

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1002/cre2.70111

Samuel David, Mira Hüfner, Nicole Rauch, Robert Kerberger, Dieter Drescher, Giulia Brunello, Kathrin Becker

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the effect of the printing process itself and steam autoclaving on the geometrical stability of 3D-printed guides for mini-implant insertion.

Material and Methods

Fifty guides (n = 10 per group) were printed with five printer/resin combinations (PRCs) from the same STL file using either digital light processing (DLP/EG, DLP/Next, DLP/Opti), desktop stereolithography (SLA/DSG) or liquid crystal display stereolithography printers (LCD/Amber). Half were sterilized by steam autoclaving with Cycle 1 (121°C, 1 bar, 20.5 min), half with Cycle 2 (134°C, 2 bars, 5.5 min). Before (T0) and after sterilization (T1) the guides were scanned with a structured light 3D scanner, and selected guides also with micro-CT for validation. Linear measurements were performed in three axes on STL, and on T0 and T1 scans. Linear mixed-effects models were used, followed by post-hoc tests in case of significance.

Results

Measurements at T0 and T1 differed significantly from STL in both x- and y-axis (4 and 3 PRCs, respectively) (p < 0.05); in z-axis only DLP/Next showed significant differences between T0 and STL (p < 0.001). The comparison between T0 and T1 revealed significant differences in x-axis for DLP/Next and DLP/Opti after Cycle 1 and Cycle 2, respectively (p < 0.05), while in the y-axis no intra-group difference was recorded. In the z-axis all PRCs except for SLA/DSG exhibited significant shrinkage (for Cycles 1 or 2). Differences between the two cycles at T1 were registered only in z-axis (DLP/Next and LCD/Amber).

Conclusions

Compared with the original, all PRCs except for SLA/DSG presented significant changes in their dimensional stability owing to the printing process itself and/or the sterilization. If these changes are of clinical significance, they remain to be verified.

Clinical Relevance

With the utilized design, the guides fabricated with SLA provided lower dimensional changes as compared to the ones produced by the other printing techniques.

Abstract Image

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高压灭菌对3d打印正畸微型种植体插入指南尺寸稳定性的影响-体外研究

本研究旨在评估打印过程本身和蒸汽高压灭菌对3d打印微型种植体插入指南几何稳定性的影响。材料和方法使用数字光处理（DLP/EG, DLP/Next, DLP/Opti），桌面立体光刻（SLA/DSG）或液晶显示立体光刻打印机（LCD/Amber），从同一STL文件中使用五种打印机/树脂组合（PRCs）打印50个导片（n = 10 /组）。一半通过循环1（121°C, 1 bar, 20.5 min）的蒸汽高压灭菌，一半通过循环2（134°C, 2 bar, 5.5 min）的蒸汽高压灭菌。灭菌前（T0）和灭菌后（T1）用结构光三维扫描仪对导板进行扫描，并对选定的导板进行微ct验证。在STL、T0和T1扫描的三个轴上进行线性测量。采用线性混合效应模型，在显著性情况下进行事后检验。结果T0和T1与STL在x轴和y轴（分别为4和3个prc）上的测量值有显著差异（p < 0.05）；仅在z轴上，DLP/Next在T0和STL之间存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。T0与T1比较，第1周期和第2周期后DLP/Next和DLP/Opti在x轴上分别有显著差异（p < 0.05），而在y轴上无组内差异。在z轴上，除了SLA/DSG外，所有prc都表现出显著的收缩（对于周期1或2）。T1时两个周期之间的差异仅在z轴（DLP/Next和LCD/Amber）上记录。结论：除SLA/DSG外，由于印刷工艺本身和/或灭菌，所有prc的尺寸稳定性都发生了显著变化。这些变化是否具有临床意义，还有待证实。与其他打印技术相比，采用SLA制作的导片具有更低的维数变化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.