Past-future asymmetry in identity-relevant perception of racism and inequality

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1111/bjso.12872

Samuel E. Arnold, Syed Muhammad Omar, Jordan Cortesi, Barbara Toizer, Glenn Adams

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Abstract

Research has documented the identity relevance of racism perception, such that White Americans tend to deny the prevalence of racism and inequality in the United States to a greater extent than do Americans from other ethnic-racial groups. Across two studies (N = 971), we draw on temporal comparison theory to investigate how the identity relevance of such perceptions varies across past and future temporal periods. Specifically, we compared (1) the relationship between ethnic-racial identification and perceptions (Studies 1 and 2), (2) racial-group differences in perceptions (Study 2), and (3) perceptions of systemic (versus interpersonal) racism (Studies 1 and 2) across past and future periods. Results generally supported the temporal asymmetry hypothesis: the identity relevance of perceptions of racism and inequality decreased as temporal distance increased from the distant past to the present but remained strong and stable from the present to the future. This pattern suggests a contradiction in the subjective experience of time, such that people experience the distant past (1960) as less relevant to present self than the equidistant (2080) and even more distant (2100) future.

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与身份相关的种族主义和不平等认知中的过去-未来不对称

研究记录了种族主义认知与身份的相关性，例如，美国白人比其他族裔的美国人更倾向于否认美国普遍存在的种族主义和不平等。在两项研究中（N = 971），我们利用时间比较理论来研究这些认知的身份相关性在过去和未来的时间期间是如何变化的。具体来说，我们比较了(1)民族-种族认同与观念之间的关系（研究1和2），(2)观念上的种族-群体差异（研究2），以及(3)过去和未来时期对系统性（相对于人际）种族主义的观念（研究1和2）。结果普遍支持时间不对称假说：从遥远的过去到现在，种族主义和不平等感知的身份相关性随着时间距离的增加而下降，但从现在到未来保持强劲和稳定。这种模式表明了主观时间体验中的矛盾，比如人们认为遥远的过去（1960年）与现在的自己的关系不如等距离的过去（2080年），甚至更遥远的未来（2100年）。

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来源期刊

British Journal of Social Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

7.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： The British Journal of Social Psychology publishes work from scholars based in all parts of the world, and manuscripts that present data on a wide range of populations inside and outside the UK. It publishes original papers in all areas of social psychology including: • social cognition • attitudes • group processes • social influence • intergroup relations • self and identity • nonverbal communication • social psychological aspects of personality, affect and emotion • language and discourse Submissions addressing these topics from a variety of approaches and methods, both quantitative and qualitative are welcomed. We publish papers of the following kinds: • empirical papers that address theoretical issues; • theoretical papers, including analyses of existing social psychological theories and presentations of theoretical innovations, extensions, or integrations; • review papers that provide an evaluation of work within a given area of social psychology and that present proposals for further research in that area; • methodological papers concerning issues that are particularly relevant to a wide range of social psychologists; • an invited agenda article as the first article in the first part of every volume. The editorial team aims to handle papers as efficiently as possible. In 2016, papers were triaged within less than a week, and the average turnaround time from receipt of the manuscript to first decision sent back to the authors was 47 days.