“Exploring the efficacy and mechanistic action of traditional Chinese medicine-derived phytochemicals in rheumatoid arthritis”

Abstract

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition that leads to joint degeneration and functional disability. The most advanced pharmacological therapies that have been available for a long time remain limited, as they are associated with adverse effects and incomplete disease remission. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM] is a promising alternative, as it utilizes phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants.

Methods

This study explores the efficacy and mechanistic action of TCM-derived phytochemicals in the management of RA, with insights on in silico approaches, including molecular docking, ADME [Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion] studies, and network-based analysis using Cytoscape. We evaluated the interactions of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycoside phytochemicals from key TCM plants with critical targets in RA, like pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-1β], enzymes [COX-2, MMP-9], and signaling pathways [NF-κB, JAK/STAT], considering the applications of computational tools.

Results

The available evidence indicates that TCM phytochemicals modulate inflammation, inhibit key enzymes, and enhance anti-inflammatory responses for multi-target therapy of RA. In silico evidence of the efficacy and mechanistic actions is supportive of the promising therapeutic potential of TCM phytochemicals.

Discussion

Despite their numerous therapeutic advantages, phytochemicals also present certain limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability, off-target interactions, and manufacturing challenges. These factors necessitate significant structural modifications before their potential use as drugs. In addition, this study underscores the importance of further experimental and clinical validation.