Gender-responsive disaster risk reduction strategy at the community level: A qualitative approach to analyze coastal communities in Bangladesh

Abstract

Gender inequality not only represents a substantial infringement of women’s human rights but also impedes sustainable development. Women frequently experience significant disparities in power and control over resources compared to men, rendering them more vulnerable to the detrimental consequences of climate-related hazards and environmental emergencies. To effectively tackle disaster risk reduction (DRR), it is essential to comprehensively understand and address the influence of gender dynamics on the experiences of both women and men. Thus, this article investigates gender responsiveness in DRR by exploring three key areas: factors contributing to women’s vulnerability to climate-related hazards, the integration of gender considerations in community-based DRR initiatives, and the effectiveness of community-level DRR activities in fostering gender responsiveness. It employs evidence-based inductive reasoning and a case study approach to collect and analyse data, using participatory methods such as interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews. Qualitative data was analysed using a systematic approach involving the development of codes, categories, and themes. Findings reveal mixed results in gender responsiveness. While major stakeholders, including the government, NGOs, and donors, have initiated programmes to address vulnerabilities, the integration of gender considerations remains inconsistent. Union Disaster Management Committees (UDMCs) were formed to enhance pre-disaster activities, but women’s leadership within these committees is underutilised. However, NGOs have involved women in preparedness, recovery, and relief efforts, with women of various ages and marital statuses participating in these programs. While their involvement has improved their coping strategies, it has also increased their workloads and pressures. Women often struggle to participate fully due to family responsibilities and discomfort in male-dominated settings. This contextual reality underscores the need for more inclusive and effective disaster risk reduction strategies that better utilise gender-responsive tools for future community development.