Multifaceted regulation of asymmetric cell division by the actin cytoskeleton

Abstract

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is essential for generating cell diversity in multicellular eukaryotes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unresolved. Well-established models of ACD, such as microtubule-based spindle displacement in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and preprophase band assembly in plants provide valuable insights but fail to fully explain asymmetry establishment in others. In this article, we discuss how actin-dependent mechanisms govern ACD in model systems, highlighting emerging commonalities and differences. Given its broad impact, the actin cytoskeleton may play a more significant role in ACD than currently recognized, serving as a fundamental component during organismal development across kingdoms.