Seroprevalence of Brucella Infection and Its Determinants Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Burao City: At the Human Livestock Interface in Northeast Somaliland, Somalia.
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis typically spreads from animals to humans through contact with infected animals or their byproducts. This zoonotic disease can have serious consequences and is often caused by contact with infected livestock or their products, such as contaminated dairy, posing significant risks during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Brucella infection among pregnant women residing in the Burao City area of northeast Somaliland, in environments where human-animal interaction is a frequent occurrence. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that contribute to its occurrence. Methods: From January to June 2024, this cross-sectional study was conducted at five healthcare facilities that provide antenatal care. Pregnant women who attended these facilities were invited to participate in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic background, obstetric history, behaviors, and practices related to brucellosis. The presence of Brucella antibodies in the serum was detected using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and positive samples underwent further analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to distinguish between IgG and IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with Brucella seropositivity, whereas multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent factors linked to Brucella seropositivity after adjusting for other variables. Results: A total of 216 participants were included in the study. The overall prevalence of Brucella infection, determined using the RBPT, was 25.93% (56 out of 216). Among those who tested positive, 61.14% (34 out of 56) had IgG antibodies and 21.42% (12 out of 56) had IgM antibodies against Brucella, as confirmed by ELISA, and IgM ELISA testing revealed 5.6% of pregnant women had recent Brucella infections. Brucella seropositivity was found to be less likely for individuals who frequently interacted with manure, as indicated by an adjusted odds ratio of 0.052 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.016-0.169. Consumption of raw animal milk (AOR 4.84, 95% CI 2.24-10.42), and involvement in assisting animals during childbirth (AOR 4.26, 95% CI 1.065-17.0) significantly increased the risk of Brucella seropositivity. Conclusion: Brucellosis poses a considerable public health threat to pregnant women residing in areas with frequent human-animal interactions. Factors such as the consumption of raw animal products, intimate contact with animals, and involvement in assisting with animal birth escalate this risk. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing strategies aimed at reducing exposure and enhancing the timely detection of brucellosis among pregnant women.
背景:布鲁氏菌病通常通过接触受感染的动物或其副产品从动物传播给人类。这种人畜共患疾病可产生严重后果,通常由接触受感染的牲畜或其产品(如受污染的乳制品)引起,在怀孕期间构成重大风险。本研究旨在评估居住在索马里兰东北部布拉奥市地区的孕妇布鲁氏菌感染的流行情况,该地区人与动物的相互作用经常发生。因此,确定导致其发生的因素非常重要。方法:从2024年1月至6月,本横断面研究在五家提供产前保健的医疗机构进行。在这些机构就诊的孕妇被邀请参加这项研究。使用结构化问卷收集与布鲁氏菌病有关的社会人口背景、产科史、行为和做法的数据。采用玫瑰孟加拉平板试验(RBPT)检测血清中是否存在布鲁氏菌抗体,阳性样品采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进一步分析,以区分IgG和IgM抗体。采用双变量分析来确定与布鲁氏菌血清阳性相关的变量,而在调整其他变量后,采用多变量逻辑回归来确定与布鲁氏菌血清阳性相关的独立因素。结果:共纳入216名受试者。采用RBPT测定的布鲁氏菌感染总体流行率为25.93%(216人中有56人)。经ELISA检测,阳性孕妇中有61.14%(56人中的34人)有抗布鲁氏菌IgG抗体,21.42%(56人中的12人)有抗布鲁氏菌IgM抗体,IgM ELISA检测显示5.6%的孕妇最近感染过布鲁氏菌。经校正的优势比为0.052,95%可信区间为0.016-0.169,布鲁氏菌血清阳性的可能性在经常接触粪便的个体中较低。食用生动物奶(AOR 4.84, 95% CI 2.24-10.42)和参与帮助动物分娩(AOR 4.26, 95% CI 1.065-17.0)显著增加布鲁氏菌血清阳性的风险。结论:布鲁氏菌病对居住在人与动物频繁互动地区的孕妇构成相当大的公共卫生威胁。食用生动物产品、与动物亲密接触以及参与协助动物分娩等因素加剧了这种风险。这些发现强调了实施旨在减少孕妇接触和加强及时发现布鲁氏菌病的战略的重要性。
期刊介绍:
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to infectious diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin. The journal welcomes articles describing research on pathogenesis, epidemiology of infection, diagnosis and treatment, antibiotics and resistance, and immunology.