The role of ELISA IgG antibodies in diagnosis of cystic echinococosis of lung. A retrospective study of a single centre activity in Albania.

Abstract

Background: Cystic Echinococcosis presents significant biological, medical, economic, and social challenges. The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis relies on immunodiagnostic methods alongside radiological in combinations with clinical findings. In human Cystic Echinococcosis, false negative immunologic results can occur in 3-5% of patients and reach up to 35-40% in hyper endemic regions. This study aimed to assess the role of Elisa IgG CE serum antibody titres in diagnosing pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis.

Material and methods: A retrospective review of medical records for 362 CE patients diagnosed in a cohort of 20 years was conducted. Diagnosis was based on radiological and clinical data, personal and family history with confirmation by serodiagnosis or histology in surgery cases. Age, sex, cysts location, size, complications and treatment were reviewed. ELISA IgG CE was studied preoperatively in all cases with its specificity and sensitivity in all cases RESULTS: The cohort included 362 patients of whom 51.4% males and 48.6% females, with a mean age of 40 years (range 12-80). 42 % were from rural regions. Among the cases, 112 (31%) presented with intact cysts, while 250 (69%) were complicated. ELISA IgG CE serum antibody titre tests were conducted for all cases. 350 (96.7%) underwent surgical treatment, while the remainder received conservative care. ELISA IgG CE was positive in 181 patients (50%). The sensitivity was 70% (175 patients) for complicated cases, but only 18.8% (21 patients) for uncomplicated cases.

Conclusions: ELISA IgG CE has limited value in diagnosing CE. However, it may aid in identifying complicated CE. Interpretation of ELISA IgE CE results should consider clinical imaging findings. Establishing pre and postoperative surveillance protocols involving family doctors and diagnostic imaging services can enhance patient care quality.