Delineation of genotype × environment interaction and identifying superior red sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench] genotypes via multi-trait-based stability selection methods.

Abstract

Red sorghum, a versatile crop with high nutritional and biochemical value, was evaluated for agronomic and grain quality traits using 27 genotypes across diverse environmental zones of Tamil Nadu. The data collected were subjected to Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype-by-Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot models to recommend a specific genotype for the particular locality. The analysis of variation of the pooled data revealed a significant interaction effect between genotype and environment for the majority of the examined traits. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association of panicle weight and a negative association of micronutrient content with grain yield. The G × E was smaller than the genetic variation of grain yield as it portrayed the maximum contribution of genotypic effects (50.2%). GGE biplot showed E2 as a highly discriminating environment for grain yield and also identified environment-specific genotypes viz., G11 for E1, E3 and G6 for E2 environments. The GGE biplots recommended G9 and G14 as high-yielding stable genotypes, outperforming the check variety PAIYUR 2 (G15) by 15.83% and 36.16% respectively, across all environments, particularly in E1 and E3. The genotypes G14, G18, G21 and G26 shown wide adaptation and excelled as biofortified genotypes with significant Fe and Zn contents. Multi-trait stability evaluation approaches such as multi trait stability index (MTSI), multitrait genotype‒ideotype distance index (MGIDI), multi-trait index based on factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP), multitrait mean performance and stability index (MTMPS) and Smith-Hazel index assuming 15% selection intensity were adopted. G14 consistently ranked as the top and steady performer in all evaluation methods. The identified genotype demonstrated exceptional reliability, high yield potential, and early maturity, making them suitable candidates for variety and hybrid development, as well as ideotype breeding programs aimed at ensuring food and nutritional security.