Biocompatibility and photoinactivation evaluation of zinc hydroxide chloride nanosheets against Streptococcus mutans.

IF 4 2区生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY

BMC Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1186/s12866-025-03822-x

Shima Afrasiabi, Fatemeh Saghatchi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour, Ramin Goudarzi, Mohammad Reza Karimi, Alireza Partoazar

{"title":"Biocompatibility and photoinactivation evaluation of zinc hydroxide chloride nanosheets against Streptococcus mutans.","authors":"Shima Afrasiabi, Fatemeh Saghatchi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour, Ramin Goudarzi, Mohammad Reza Karimi, Alireza Partoazar","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03822-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) in inactivating bacteria, this study reports that zinc hydroxide chloride nanosheets (ZHC-NSs) are useful for this purpose.Materials & methods: The characterization of ZHC-NSs was performed using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The irritation test, acute toxicity test, and genotoxicity test of ZHC-NSs were evaluated and their effects on human pulp fibroblast cells (HPFC) viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and antibacterial activity of ZHC-NSs (1-8 mg ml-1) alone or in light conditions were investigated.Results: The ZHC-NSs structure showed a crystalline form and their sheets' thickness had an average size of 129.6 ± 19.50 nm. ZHC-NSs did not severely damage internal organs and were not genotoxic. The cytotoxic effect of ZHC-NSs on HPFC was concentration-dependent so that ZHC-NSs at higher concentrations (4 and 8 mg ml-1) killed half of the HPFC cells. When ZHC-NSs were used in combination with a 980 nm diode laser, namely ZHC-NS©, ROS production increased and led to enhanced antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic and biofilm form. A statistically significant difference was found between ZHC-NSs without laser irradiation and photoexcited ZHC-NSs.Conclusion: ZHC-NSs© with the potential ability to produce ROS could be effective in complementary treatment against S. mutans.","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877797/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-03822-x","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Considering the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) in inactivating bacteria, this study reports that zinc hydroxide chloride nanosheets (ZHC-NSs) are useful for this purpose.

Materials & methods: The characterization of ZHC-NSs was performed using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The irritation test, acute toxicity test, and genotoxicity test of ZHC-NSs were evaluated and their effects on human pulp fibroblast cells (HPFC) viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and antibacterial activity of ZHC-NSs (1-8 mg ml^-1) alone or in light conditions were investigated.

Results: The ZHC-NSs structure showed a crystalline form and their sheets' thickness had an average size of 129.6 ± 19.50 nm. ZHC-NSs did not severely damage internal organs and were not genotoxic. The cytotoxic effect of ZHC-NSs on HPFC was concentration-dependent so that ZHC-NSs at higher concentrations (4 and 8 mg ml^-1) killed half of the HPFC cells. When ZHC-NSs were used in combination with a 980 nm diode laser, namely ZHC-NS^©, ROS production increased and led to enhanced antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic and biofilm form. A statistically significant difference was found between ZHC-NSs without laser irradiation and photoexcited ZHC-NSs.

Conclusion: ZHC-NSs^© with the potential ability to produce ROS could be effective in complementary treatment against S. mutans.

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

BMC Microbiology 生物-微生物学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： BMC Microbiology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on analytical and functional studies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and small parasites, as well as host and therapeutic responses to them and their interaction with the environment.