Geographical Distribution of Carnivore Hosts and Genotypes of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Worldwide: A Scoping Review and Spatial Meta-Analysis

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1155/tbed/6632068

A. Wipf, P. Perez-Cutillas, N. Ortega, A. Huertas-López, C. Martínez-Carrasco, M. G. Candela

{"title":"Geographical Distribution of Carnivore Hosts and Genotypes of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Worldwide: A Scoping Review and Spatial Meta-Analysis","authors":"A. Wipf, P. Perez-Cutillas, N. Ortega, A. Huertas-López, C. Martínez-Carrasco, M. G. Candela","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6632068","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n Background: Emerging viral diseases are spreading to new geographic locations, influenced by human activities and climate change. Morbillivirus canis (also known as canine distemper virus, CDV), the etiological agent of CD, is distributed worldwide and shared between wild and domestic animals.\n Methods: A systematic review using MeSH terms was carried out from 1985 to 2024, focusing the search on studies (PubMed and WOS) that would detect CDV and sequence it in a known genotype in Carnivora hosts. Articles were reviewed by four researchers, and after quality assessment, we selected 160 published papers for data extraction, analysis, and spatial meta-analysis. Considering species studied, geographical location, and classified genotypes we identify 457 different individual studies (records) from which 332 records CDV was sequenced into a classifiable 17 main genotypes. Spatial meta-analysis was performed using QGIS, revealing distributions of animals in which a CDV lineage has been isolated; geographical lineages overlapping on different hosts have been measured as a density function.\n Results: CDV host species belonged to the suborder Caniformia (93.7%) into families such as Canidae (75.2%), Mustelidae (9.7%), and Procyonidae (7.6%). Suborder Feliformia (6.1%) showed wild Felidae (5.1%) as the most represented family. Samples used were brain (13.74%), lung (12.4%), blood (10.8%), and nasal-eye discharges (8.9%; 8.1%). Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (60.34%) and real-time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (26.57%) detecting H gene (62%) were most used to detect viral ARN. On genotypes, Europe/South America-1 (27.4%), Europe-3/Artic (15.5%), Asia-1 (14.5%), America-1 (11.2%), Europe-2/European Wildlife and Africa (Africa-1 and Africa-2) (7.6%) were the most represented worldwide, being America-1 and Europe/South America-1 the most widely distributed around the world.\n Conclusions: The analysis showed the wide multihost capacity and diversity of CDV, with dog (Canis lupus familiaris) as the most frequent (40%) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (30.2%) as the main wild host. Most of the detected lineages can be detected in several wild host families, in addition to the dog, suggesting constant spillover phenomena in shared habitats at the domestic–wild interface. The most cosmopolitan lineages mirror the distribution routes of their hosts, showing that it is difficult to establish a CDV-fixed picture in an interconnected world.\n </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6632068","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/tbed/6632068","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Emerging viral diseases are spreading to new geographic locations, influenced by human activities and climate change. Morbillivirus canis (also known as canine distemper virus, CDV), the etiological agent of CD, is distributed worldwide and shared between wild and domestic animals.

Methods: A systematic review using MeSH terms was carried out from 1985 to 2024, focusing the search on studies (PubMed and WOS) that would detect CDV and sequence it in a known genotype in Carnivora hosts. Articles were reviewed by four researchers, and after quality assessment, we selected 160 published papers for data extraction, analysis, and spatial meta-analysis. Considering species studied, geographical location, and classified genotypes we identify 457 different individual studies (records) from which 332 records CDV was sequenced into a classifiable 17 main genotypes. Spatial meta-analysis was performed using QGIS, revealing distributions of animals in which a CDV lineage has been isolated; geographical lineages overlapping on different hosts have been measured as a density function.

Results: CDV host species belonged to the suborder Caniformia (93.7%) into families such as Canidae (75.2%), Mustelidae (9.7%), and Procyonidae (7.6%). Suborder Feliformia (6.1%) showed wild Felidae (5.1%) as the most represented family. Samples used were brain (13.74%), lung (12.4%), blood (10.8%), and nasal-eye discharges (8.9%; 8.1%). Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (60.34%) and real-time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (26.57%) detecting H gene (62%) were most used to detect viral ARN. On genotypes, Europe/South America-1 (27.4%), Europe-3/Artic (15.5%), Asia-1 (14.5%), America-1 (11.2%), Europe-2/European Wildlife and Africa (Africa-1 and Africa-2) (7.6%) were the most represented worldwide, being America-1 and Europe/South America-1 the most widely distributed around the world.

Conclusions: The analysis showed the wide multihost capacity and diversity of CDV, with dog (Canis lupus familiaris) as the most frequent (40%) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (30.2%) as the main wild host. Most of the detected lineages can be detected in several wild host families, in addition to the dog, suggesting constant spillover phenomena in shared habitats at the domestic–wild interface. The most cosmopolitan lineages mirror the distribution routes of their hosts, showing that it is difficult to establish a CDV-fixed picture in an interconnected world.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

犬瘟热病毒（CDV）全球食肉宿主的地理分布和基因型：范围综述和空间荟萃分析

背景：受人类活动和气候变化的影响，新出现的病毒性疾病正在向新的地理位置传播。犬瘟热病毒（又称犬瘟热病毒，CDV）是犬瘟热病的病原，分布在世界各地，在野生动物和家畜之间共有。方法：利用MeSH检索词对1985年至2024年的文献进行系统回顾，重点检索PubMed和WOS中能够检测到已知基因型的CDV并对其进行测序的研究。本文由4位研究者审阅，经过质量评估后，我们选择了160篇已发表的论文进行数据提取、分析和空间meta分析。考虑到所研究的物种、地理位置和分类基因型，我们确定了457个不同的个体研究（记录），其中332个记录的CDV被测序为可分类的17个主要基因型。利用QGIS进行了空间荟萃分析，揭示了分离出CDV谱系的动物分布；在不同寄主上重叠的地理谱系以密度函数来测量。结果：宿主属犬科（占93.7%），主要有犬科（占75.2%）、鼬科（占9.7%）和原犬科（占7.6%）。Feliformia亚目（6.1%）以野生Felidae（5.1%）为代表性科。使用的样本包括脑（13.74%）、肺（12.4%）、血液（10.8%）和鼻眼分泌物（8.9%）；8.1%)。反转录PCR (RT-PCR)（60.34%）和实时定量PCR (RT-qPCR)（26.57%）检测H基因（62%）最多。就基因型而言，欧洲/南美-1（27.4%）、欧洲-3/北极（15.5%）、亚洲-1（14.5%）、美洲-1（11.2%）、欧洲-2/欧洲野生动物和非洲（非洲-1和非洲-2）（7.6%）在世界范围内最具代表性，其中美洲-1和欧洲/南美-1在世界范围内分布最广泛。结论：分析显示CDV具有广泛的多宿主能力和多样性，以犬（Canis lupus familiaris）和红狐（Vulpes Vulpes）为主要野生宿主（30.2%）。除了狗之外，大多数检测到的谱系可以在几个野生宿主家庭中检测到，这表明在家庭-野生界面的共同栖息地中存在持续的溢出现象。最世界性的血统反映了其宿主的分布路线，这表明在一个相互联系的世界中很难建立一个固定的cd图像。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.