Interpersonal Factors Influencing Hypertension Control: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Hypertensive Patients in the Ashanti Region, Ghana

Abstract

Background and Aims

Hypertension, a leading noncommunicable disease, significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence, managing and controlling hypertension in Ghana faces numerous challenges. This study aimed to assess interpersonal factors hindering hypertension management in Ghana's Ashanti region.

Methods

Using a pretested questionnaire, we collected quantitative data from 350 hypertensive patients receiving care at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Results

Medication nonadherence was prevalent (56.3%), with moderate knowledge of hypertension (49.7%) and high physical inactivity (66.6%). Patients with tertiary education (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 6.151, 95% CI = 1.240–30.505; p = 0.03), moderate (AOR = 2.540, 95% CI = 1.016–6.350; p = 0.05), and higher self-efficacy/ability (AOR = 2.632, 95% CI = 1.030–6.725; p = 0.04) had enhanced ability to manage their hypertension condition. Conversely, divorced/separated individuals (AOR = 0.073, 95% CI = 0.008–0.700; p = 0.02), those with a family income exceeding GHS 2000.00 (AOR = 0.081, 95% CI = 0.012–0.532; p = 0.009), disease duration exceeding 15 years (AOR = 0.293, 95% CI = 0.092–0.930; p = 0.04), adequate hypertension knowledge (AOR = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.110–0.879; p = 0.03), and higher perceived barriers (AOR = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.159–0.611; p = 0.001) had lower odds of successful management.

Conclusion

Interpersonal factors play a huge role in hypertension management in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Targeted health education and self-management are recommended in improving medication adherence and adopting healthier lifestyles among these patients from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. More qualitative research is needed to deepen understanding and inform effective intervention strategies.