Nanocomposites of sequential dual curing of thiol-epoxy systems with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for remote/in situ applications: thermomechanical, shape memory, and induction heating properties

IF 23.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1007/s42114-025-01264-7

I. Collado, A. Vázquez-López, M. Fernández, J. de la Vega, A. Jiménez-Suárez, S. G. Prolongo

{"title":"Nanocomposites of sequential dual curing of thiol-epoxy systems with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for remote/in situ applications: thermomechanical, shape memory, and induction heating properties","authors":"I. Collado, A. Vázquez-López, M. Fernández, J. de la Vega, A. Jiménez-Suárez, S. G. Prolongo","doi":"10.1007/s42114-025-01264-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sequential dual-curing epoxy composites, such as the thiol-epoxy system, can potentially open new capabilities for end-products in the composite industry. This system remains stable after the initial curing and can undergo further reactions when exposed to a second stimulus, such as the use of magnetic induction: a remote and energy-efficient alternative. This study reports the first dual-curing thiol-epoxy resin reinforced with magnetic nanoparticles Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The addition of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles endows the polymer matrix with dual-stimuli shape memory, triggered by both conventional heating and the use of a magnetic field, broadening potential applications. The study examined various manufacturing conditions and loadings of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4,</sub> which improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The dual-response shape memory was evaluated by heating the polymer with both a conventional heat source and magnetic fields, resulting in a ~ 100% shape fixation and recovery ratio for either stimulus source, with superior performance under the magnetic field. Furthermore, under moderate magnetic fields, the system was able to reach temperatures as high as 160 °C, and the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of magnetic induction heating was studied by statistical analysis of design of experiments. Additionally, two proofs of concept were presented. In the first, the second curing step was performed under the in situ heating generated by the magnetic field, successfully fixing the temporary shape into the permanent form of the sample. In the second concept, the system was utilized as a smart switch or a threshold temperature sensor.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7220,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42114-025-01264-7.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42114-025-01264-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sequential dual-curing epoxy composites, such as the thiol-epoxy system, can potentially open new capabilities for end-products in the composite industry. This system remains stable after the initial curing and can undergo further reactions when exposed to a second stimulus, such as the use of magnetic induction: a remote and energy-efficient alternative. This study reports the first dual-curing thiol-epoxy resin reinforced with magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄. The addition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles endows the polymer matrix with dual-stimuli shape memory, triggered by both conventional heating and the use of a magnetic field, broadening potential applications. The study examined various manufacturing conditions and loadings of Fe₃O_4, which improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The dual-response shape memory was evaluated by heating the polymer with both a conventional heat source and magnetic fields, resulting in a ~ 100% shape fixation and recovery ratio for either stimulus source, with superior performance under the magnetic field. Furthermore, under moderate magnetic fields, the system was able to reach temperatures as high as 160 °C, and the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of magnetic induction heating was studied by statistical analysis of design of experiments. Additionally, two proofs of concept were presented. In the first, the second curing step was performed under the in situ heating generated by the magnetic field, successfully fixing the temporary shape into the permanent form of the sample. In the second concept, the system was utilized as a smart switch or a threshold temperature sensor.

Graphical Abstract

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

26.00

自引率

21.40%

发文量

185

期刊介绍： Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field. The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest. Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.