The importance of waves in large-scale coastal compound flooding: A case study of Hurricane Florence (2018)

IF 4.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Coastal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104726

Tim W.B. Leijnse , Ap van Dongeren , Maarten van Ormondt , Roel de Goede , Jeroen C.J.H. Aerts

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Wave-driven flooding is often neglected or included in an approximate way in large-scale flood hazard assessments and early warning systems, despite its significant contribution to coastal flood hazards. This study introduces a method to incorporate incident and infragravity wave processes into a fast compound flood model by extending the SFINCS software with the SnapWave stationary wave energy solver. This extension efficiently translates offshore incident and infragravity wave conditions to the nearshore, allowing for the estimation of incident-wave-induced setup and the resolution of wave runup and overtopping. A quadtree approach is employed to optimize the grid resolution for wave processes in the coastal zone.

The approach is validated for Hurricane Florence (2018) along the North and South Carolina coastline of the United States, where observed offshore wave heights reached 10 m. The results illustrate that the impact of the hurricane extended hundreds of kilometers beyond the landfall area due to waves, highlighting its importance as coastal flood driver. In 19% of the coastline analyzed, wave contributions surpassed all other flood drivers combined, with waves contributing to an additional flooded area of 226 km² and a flood volume of 62 million m³.

The study also indicates that simpler parameterized methods for including wave-induced setup can lead to significant discrepancies in modeled water depths. The computational efficiency of the extended SFINCS model allows for the simulation of 1,000 km of coastline with limited computational resources. Hereby the critical role of wave effects in coastal compound flood hazard assessments could be demonstrated.

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来源期刊

Coastal Engineering 工程技术-工程：大洋

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

13.60%

发文量

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： Coastal Engineering is an international medium for coastal engineers and scientists. Combining practical applications with modern technological and scientific approaches, such as mathematical and numerical modelling, laboratory and field observations and experiments, it publishes fundamental studies as well as case studies on the following aspects of coastal, harbour and offshore engineering: waves, currents and sediment transport; coastal, estuarine and offshore morphology; technical and functional design of coastal and harbour structures; morphological and environmental impact of coastal, harbour and offshore structures.