Esculin mitigates nickel chloride-induced generation of ROS, hemoglobin oxidation, and alterations in redox status in human red blood cells

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127626

Monika Sharma, Fahim Halim Khan, Riaz Mahmood

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Nickel (Ni) is a heavy metal and an environmental pollutant that is harmful to humans because of its carcinogenicity and toxic effects on several tissues and organs. Due to their widespread use concerns have been raised about the potential adverse effects of Ni and its compounds on human health. Ni compounds induce oxidative stress in cells by modifying the redox equilibrium. This work studied the protective role of the plant antioxidant esculin (ES) against nickel chloride (NiCl₂)-induced oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in isolated human red blood cells (RBC).

Methods

Human RBC were first incubated with varying concentrations of ES (0.25–1.0 mM) for 2 h at 37 °C, followed by addition of 0.5 mM NiCl₂ and further incubation for 24 h at 37 °C.

Results

Treatment of RBC with NiCl₂ alone increased the production of reactive oxygen species and significantly enhanced methemoglobin level, heme degradation, free iron release and hydrogen peroxide content. It also led to oxidation of cellular thiol groups, proteins and lipids. The glutathione content, total sulfhydryl groups, nitric oxide level and free amino groups were decreased. The activities of antioxidant, metabolic and plasma membrane enzymes were inhibited and the antioxidant capacity of RBC was lowered. However, pre-incubation of RBC with ES greatly mitigated the NiCl₂-induced alterations in these parameters in an ES concentration-dependent manner. In all cases ES alone did not exhibit any significant toxic effect. This was confirmed by electron microscopic analysis of RBC. Treatment with NiCl₂ alone resulted in the conversion of biconcave discoidal RBC to echinocytes but this change in cell morphology was greatly prevented in the presence of ES. The ES alone treated RBC did not show altered cell morphology.

Conclusion

These results suggest that ES can be potentially used as a cytoprotectant against Ni-induced toxicity.

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Esculin减轻氯化镍诱导的ROS生成、血红蛋白氧化和人红细胞氧化还原状态的改变

镍（Ni）是一种重金属，也是一种环境污染物，因其对人体多种组织和器官具有致癌性和毒性作用而对人体有害。由于它们的广泛使用，人们对镍及其化合物对人体健康的潜在不利影响表示担忧。镍化合物通过改变氧化还原平衡诱导细胞氧化应激。本文研究了植物抗氧化剂esculin （ES）对氯化镍（NiCl2）诱导的人红细胞（RBC）氧化损伤和细胞毒性的保护作用。方法先用不同浓度的ES（0.25-1.0 mM）在37℃下孵育2 h，然后加入0.5 mM NiCl2，在37℃下孵育24 h。结果单独用NiCl2处理红细胞可增加活性氧的产生，显著提高高铁血红蛋白水平、血红素降解、游离铁释放和过氧化氢含量。它还导致细胞硫基、蛋白质和脂质的氧化。谷胱甘肽含量、总巯基、一氧化氮水平和游离氨基均降低。抗氧化酶、代谢酶和质膜酶活性受到抑制，红细胞抗氧化能力降低。然而，红细胞与ES的预孵育以ES浓度依赖的方式大大减轻了nicl2诱导的这些参数的改变。在所有病例中，仅ES没有表现出任何明显的毒性作用。红细胞的电镜分析证实了这一点。单独使用NiCl2治疗导致双凹盘状红细胞转化为棘细胞，但在ES存在下，这种细胞形态的变化被极大地阻止了。ES单独处理红细胞未见细胞形态改变。结论ES可作为抗镍毒性的细胞保护剂。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

2.90%

发文量

202

审稿时长

85 days

期刊介绍： The journal provides the reader with a thorough description of theoretical and applied aspects of trace elements in medicine and biology and is devoted to the advancement of scientific knowledge about trace elements and trace element species. Trace elements play essential roles in the maintenance of physiological processes. During the last decades there has been a great deal of scientific investigation about the function and binding of trace elements. The Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology focuses on the description and dissemination of scientific results concerning the role of trace elements with respect to their mode of action in health and disease and nutritional importance. Progress in the knowledge of the biological role of trace elements depends, however, on advances in trace elements chemistry. Thus the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology will include only those papers that base their results on proven analytical methods. Also, we only publish those articles in which the quality assurance regarding the execution of experiments and achievement of results is guaranteed.