Molecular insight into the photoperiod sensitivity in crop plants

IF 1 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Gene Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102190

Kishor U. Tribhuvan , Shruti Sinha , N. Mustafa , Simardeep Kaur , Binay K. Singh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The reproductive phase of the plant is critically regulated by various internal and external factors. Among these, photoperiod sensitivity is one of the key factors that counts the day length to sense the upcoming favourable environmental conditions for flowering and post-flowering events. Photoperiod-sensitive plants have an internal photoperiod-sensing mechanism regulated through a cascade of genes. Induction of flowering in plants largely depends upon the expression of the Flowering Locus T (FT), which encodes florigen, a systemic signalling molecule required to trigger flower induction. It is synthesized in leaves and translocated to the shoot meristem through the phloem. Photoperiod sensitivity in crop plants is a big constraint for production. Strong photoperiod requirements of crop plants for flowering restrict their cultivation to specific geographical niches in a single season. Identifying the gene(s)/QTL(s) for photoperiod sensitivity and the development of day-neutral genotypes is a prime area of research. The availability of day-neutral genotypes in crop plants promises wider adaptability under diverse agroecological environments with multi-seasonal cropping in a year. This review takes into account the genes and QTLs discovered in major cereal and pulse crops and elucidates various mechanisms behind their photoperiod responses. Furthermore, it emphasizes the use of genome editing for photoperiod engineering and explores the prospect of using various modern, cutting-edge technologies for photoperiod research in crop plants.

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植物的生殖阶段受到各种内部和外部因素的严格调控。其中，光周期敏感性是关键因素之一，它通过计算昼长来感知即将到来的有利环境条件，以便开花和花后活动。对光周期敏感的植物有一套内部光周期感应机制，通过一系列基因进行调控。植物的开花诱导在很大程度上取决于开花基因座 T（FT）的表达。它在叶片中合成，并通过韧皮部转运到嫩枝分生组织。作物对光周期的敏感性是生产中的一大制约因素。农作物开花对光周期的强烈要求限制了它们在单季特定地理环境中的种植。确定光周期敏感性基因/QTL 以及开发日中性基因型是研究的首要领域。作物植物日间中性基因型的出现，有望使其在一年多季种植的多样化农业生态环境中具有更广泛的适应性。本综述介绍了在主要谷类和豆类作物中发现的基因和 QTLs，并阐明了其光周期反应背后的各种机制。此外，它还强调了基因组编辑在光周期工程中的应用，并探讨了利用各种现代尖端技术进行作物光周期研究的前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Gene Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

246

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Gene Reports publishes papers that focus on the regulation, expression, function and evolution of genes in all biological contexts, including all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, as well as viruses. Gene Reports strives to be a very diverse journal and topics in all fields will be considered for publication. Although not limited to the following, some general topics include: DNA Organization, Replication & Evolution -Focus on genomic DNA (chromosomal organization, comparative genomics, DNA replication, DNA repair, mobile DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA). Expression & Function - Focus on functional RNAs (microRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNA splicing, alternative polyadenylation) Regulation - Focus on processes that mediate gene-read out (epigenetics, chromatin, histone code, transcription, translation, protein degradation). Cell Signaling - Focus on mechanisms that control information flow into the nucleus to control gene expression (kinase and phosphatase pathways controlled by extra-cellular ligands, Wnt, Notch, TGFbeta/BMPs, FGFs, IGFs etc.) Profiling of gene expression and genetic variation - Focus on high throughput approaches (e.g., DeepSeq, ChIP-Seq, Affymetrix microarrays, proteomics) that define gene regulatory circuitry, molecular pathways and protein/protein networks. Genetics - Focus on development in model organisms (e.g., mouse, frog, fruit fly, worm), human genetic variation, population genetics, as well as agricultural and veterinary genetics. Molecular Pathology & Regenerative Medicine - Focus on the deregulation of molecular processes in human diseases and mechanisms supporting regeneration of tissues through pluripotent or multipotent stem cells.