Evaluation of different leaf extracts of Melia azedarach formulations on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting tomato plant in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1016/j.napere.2025.100119

Zakia K. Elkhiat (Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft) , Aly F. Aly (Writing – review & editing, Supervision) , Heba H. Fahmy (Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft) , Hosny M. Raddy (Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation)

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Abstract

The bioactive, eco-friendly nematicides found in plant extracts with nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne spp. contribute to decreasing crop damage caused by root-knot nematodes, which are one of the gravest risks to human health and the environment. The present study investigated the nematicidal potential of solvent extracts obtained from Melia azedarach leaves, formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and oil-in-water emulsions (EW) using eco-friendly solvents and surfactants. The crude extracts were analyzed through phytochemical qualitative tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified notable quantities of eight terpenoids, including phytol (2-hexadecen-1-ol) 17.33 %, neophytadiene 12.91 %, 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecenol 20.59 %, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl 32.22 %. Additionally, the compositions included steroids such as gamma-sitosterol 2.30 %, long-chain fatty acid hexadecanoic acid 14.31 %, and two flavonoids, wogonin methyl ether 4.69 % and lupinifolin 5.77 %, all recognized for their nematicidal properties. Both formulations (EC and EW) demonstrated high stability across diverse storage conditions in all physical properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, density, and flash point, with good limitations for spray solutions such as foam, emulsion stability, conductivity, and pH. In vitro assessments of nematicidal activity indicated that the EC formulation was more effective against the second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita than the EW formulation of the same extracts. In particular, the LH10 % EC formulation exhibited the highest nematicidal toxicity, with an LC₅₀ value of 47.95 μg ml⁻¹ after 48 hours of exposure. Pot experiments further showed that all treatments significantly reduced nematode infections compared to untreated controls. Notably, both hexane extract formulations, LH10 % EC and LH10 % EW, achieved the greatest reductions in tomato root galls (93.75 % and 87.5 %, respectively) and J₂ hatching in soil (56.07 % and 54.78 %, respectively). Additionally, all treatments improved the growth parameters of tomato plants compared to untreated controls. These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly materials in nematode management programs as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical nematicides.

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苦楝叶不同提取物对番茄根结线虫的体内和离体研究

在植物提取物中发现的具有生物活性的生态友好型杀线虫剂对根结线虫具有杀线虫活性，有助于减少根结线虫对作物的危害，根结线虫是危害人类健康和环境的最严重威胁之一。本研究研究了苦楝叶溶剂提取物的杀线虫潜能，并将其配制成可乳化浓缩液（EC）和水包油乳剂（EW）。通过植物化学定性测试和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析，鉴定出8种萜类化合物，分别为叶绿醇（2-十六烯-1-醇）17.33 %、新叶绿二烯12.91 %、3,7,11,15-四甲基十六烯醇20.59 %和1,2-苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）32.22 %。此外，该化合物还含有γ -谷甾醇（2.30 %）、长链脂肪酸（14.31 %）和两种黄酮类化合物（枸杞甲醚（4.69 %）和lupinifolin(5.77 %)），均具有杀线虫特性。两种配方（EC和EW）在不同的储存条件下，在所有物理性质（如粘度、表面张力、密度和闪点）上都表现出很高的稳定性，对喷雾溶液（如泡沫、乳液稳定性、电导率和ph）有很好的限制。体外杀线虫活性评估表明，EC配方比相同提取物的EW配方更有效地对抗M. incognita第二阶段幼虫（J2）。特别是，LH10 % EC配方表现出最高的杀线虫毒性，暴露48 小时后LC50值为47.95 μg ml−1。盆栽试验进一步表明，与未经处理的对照相比，所有处理都显著减少了线虫感染。值得注意的是，两种正烷提取物（LH10 % EC和LH10 % EW）均能最大程度地减少番茄根瘿（分别为93.75 %和87.5 %）和土壤中J2的孵化（分别为56.07 %和54.78 %）。此外，与未经处理的对照相比，所有处理都改善了番茄植株的生长参数。这些发现突出了生态友好材料作为传统化学杀线虫剂的可持续替代品在线虫管理项目中的潜力。

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来源期刊

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

CiteScore

2.30

自引率

0.00%

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