Contrasting below- and above-canopy climate regulation services of a temperate forest during heatwaves

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110485

J. Zhou , M. van der Molen , A.J. Teuling

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Abstract

Heatwaves have significant effects on ecosystems and human populations. Human habitability is impacted severely as human exposure to heatwaves is projected to increase. Future risk of heatwaves requires effective measures for adaptation to persistent hot temperature extremes and ambitious mitigation to limit further increases in heatwave severity.

At local scales, afforestation and reforestation could be a potential approach of modifying the (near-)surface energy budget and temperature, in this way alleviating heatwave impacts. In this study, thermal characteristics and energy fluxes across open-site, below-canopy, and above-canopy environments are analysed and compared, to investigate canopy's dual functions in affecting above-canopy macroclimate and acting as a thermal insulator that regulates understory microclimate and litter layer environment. Using high-resolution sub-daily datasets from the Loobos flux tower site in the Netherlands, complemented by routine weather data from 3 nearby meteorological stations, we analysed temperatures at three levels of Loobos (23.5 m, 7.5 m, and litter layer) along the same vertical profile and compared them with those measured at nearby open sites.

During heatwave periods, the cooling effects of the canopy on litter layer temperature are up to 12.5 K while the canopy may also amplify the temperature above it by up to 5 K between 15 and 23 pm accompanied with increasing sensible heat. In the conditions of daytime, the site-average canopy effects increase quasi-linearly (R² > 0.78) with the rising open-site temperature. This research reveals the ability of the forest in providing contrasting climate regulation ecosystem services on both below-canopy and above-canopy environments, in which the canopy's potential in accommodating the temperature of near-surface environments during both day and nocturnal times to alleviate impacts from compound heatwaves is highlighted.

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来源期刊

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

9.70%

发文量

415

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published. Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.