Recycling diatomaceous earth waste: Assessing its physicochemical features, recovery techniques, applications, viability and market opportunities

Raquel Viana Pinto Leal, Raimundo Alves Lima Sobrinho, Marcelo Tramontin Souza
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Abstract

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is widely used in industrial filtration processes, such as in beer, wine, and oil refining, producing significant amounts of diatomaceous earth waste (DEW) as a byproduct. DEW has been explored for various recycling applications, including adsorbents, filters, insecticides, and as a raw material for hydraulic and alkali-activated binders and clay-based ceramics. Despite its potential, the recycling process for DEW remains underdeveloped. This article presents a comprehensive review of the technological, economic, and environmental aspects of DEW recycling, including risk classification by regulatory agencies, alternative recovery methods, and potential pathways for recycling into various products. Given the limited data on DEW generation, an estimation of Brazil’s DEW output is also provided. The recycling potential of DEW is critically assessed through the CPQvA methodology, which follows a structured sequence of analysis: (i) classification (legislation and standards), (ii) potentiality (physical and chemical properties), (iii) quantity and viability (production and disposal concerns), and (iv) application possibilities based on existing literature. To critically analyze the potentiality of DEW, experimental results are also presented for DEW from a Brazilian brewery and compared with global samples. This includes comprehensive chemical, physical, and thermal analyses. Additionally, thermal treatments at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 1000 °C were applied to investigate the removal of volatile compounds and the restoration of its original properties. The results are in-depth discussed and compared with DEW and raw DE data from the literature.
硅藻土废物回收:评估其理化特性、回收技术、应用、可行性和市场机会
硅藻土(DE)广泛应用于工业过滤过程,如啤酒、葡萄酒和炼油,产生大量的硅藻土废物(DEW)作为副产品。DEW已被探索用于各种回收应用,包括吸附剂、过滤器、杀虫剂,以及作为水力和碱活化粘合剂和粘土基陶瓷的原料。尽管具有潜力,但DEW的回收过程仍然不发达。本文对DEW回收的技术、经济和环境方面进行了全面的回顾,包括监管机构的风险分类、替代回收方法和回收各种产品的潜在途径。鉴于有关DEW产生的数据有限,本文还提供了对巴西DEW输出的估计。通过CPQvA方法严格评估DEW的回收潜力,该方法遵循结构化的分析顺序:(i)分类(立法和标准),(ii)潜力(物理和化学性质),(iii)数量和可行性(生产和处置问题),以及(iv)基于现有文献的应用可能性。为了批判性地分析DEW的潜力,还提供了来自巴西啤酒厂的DEW的实验结果,并与全球样品进行了比较。这包括全面的化学、物理和热分析。此外,在400°C, 500°C和1000°C进行热处理,以研究挥发性化合物的去除和其原始性能的恢复。结果进行了深入的讨论,并与文献中的DEW和原始DE数据进行了比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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2.60
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