Highly precise electrochemical biosensing of urea through Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf extract mediated green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

IF 4.4 3区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Inorganic Chemistry Communications Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI:10.1016/j.inoche.2025.114151

Khrsheed Ahmed , Pooja Singh , Surendra K. Yadav , Ravindra Pratap Singh , Arvind Kumar , Sheo K. Mishra , Jay Singh

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Abstract

Urea is heavily used in the urea and ammonia industries, which produce greenhouse gases that cause climate change and contribute considerably to global warming. Nanostructured green synthesis of titanium dioxide (GS-TiO₂-NPs) using Trigonella foenum-graceum leaf extract, employed for electrochemical urea sensing platform. The prepared GS-TiO₂-NPs and the fabricated urease-immobilized Urs/GS-TiO₂-NPs/ITO bioelectrode were characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD, TEM, and AFM, to analyze their structural, optical, and morphological properties. The urea was detected in a range of concentrations with minimal interference using the recently fabricated enzyme-based bioelectrode, which had a limit of detection value of 2.28 × 10⁻² µM. The sensitivity, response time, stability and reusability are 5.52 µA µM⁻¹cm⁻², 35 s, 60 days, and 13 times respectively for bioelectrode. The proposed urea biosensor has demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring urea concentration in human blood samples as well as the environment. Its high sensitivity to urea at varying concentrations makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring urea detection.

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来源期刊

Inorganic Chemistry Communications 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

7.90%

发文量

1013

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： Launched in January 1998, Inorganic Chemistry Communications is an international journal dedicated to the rapid publication of short communications in the major areas of inorganic, organometallic and supramolecular chemistry. Topics include synthetic and reaction chemistry, kinetics and mechanisms of reactions, bioinorganic chemistry, photochemistry and the use of metal and organometallic compounds in stoichiometric and catalytic synthesis or organic compounds.