OASIS: Online adaptive ensembles for drift adaptation on evolving IoT data streams

Abstract

In this work, our proposed OASIS framework utilizes adaptive ensembles to accommodate IoT data drift. In this work, we introduce an innovative sliding window approach using periodograms, engineered to efficiently feed models with data input. Six distinct online learners, alongside three drift adaptation algorithms: EDDM, HDDM-A and ADWIN have been tested using various feature selection methods, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), dragonfly optimization (DA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), genetic algorithm (GA), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which have been carried out to validate the efficacy of the OASIS framework. We introduce a weighted probability approach derived from multiclass outcomes to ascertain the most suitable learners for leverage bagging or voting ensemble application. This is followed by an optimal scoring mechanism to determine the best training set based on accuracy and execution time criteria. The selection of models is guided by a probability-based algorithm coupled with a scoring system. Furthermore, we benchmark three state-of-the-art drift adaptation frameworks to evaluate their performance relative to our proposed framework. Evaluations in the context of EDGE-IIoT demonstrated outstanding accuracies of 98.98% in binary scenarios and 99.92% in multiclass scenarios, with the IoTID20 datasets achieving notable accuracies of 99.94% in binary and 100% in multiclass scenarios, thus surpassing previous methodologies. The framework undergoes extensive experiments with two recent multiclass datasets, namely the Aalto and RT-IoT 2022 datasets, in which OASIS achieved 99.99% accuracy on the Aalto dataset and 96.52% on the RT-IoT 2022 dataset. Additionally, we compare our framework with various concept drift datasets and leading drift ensemble frameworks for performance comparison.