Breast augmentation complications with three planes of implant placements

Abstract

Breast augmentation with implants is a popular cosmetic surgery that enhances breast volume and contour through various placement planes. In this review, we examine the impact of subglandular, subpectoral, and subfascial implant planes on postoperative outcomes and complication rates. Subglandular placement offers simplicity but is associated with higher risks of capsular contracture, hematoma, and rippling in patients with low tissue coverage. The subpectoral plane, widely adopted for its natural appearance and reduced capsular contracture risk, may cause dynamic deformity due to muscle contraction. Although technically challenging, the subfascial plane combines the benefits of soft tissue support and reduced implant displacement. We highlight the importance of choosing an optimal implant plane tailored to each patient’s anatomical and aesthetic needs to enhance surgical outcomes and minimize complications. Further research is needed to validate long-term efficacy, particularly for subfascial placement.