Impact on induced magnetic field over a second-grade hybrid nanofluid in unsteady thermal systems

Abstract

The study is motivated by the need to enhance thermal management systems and optimize fluid flow in advanced engineering applications where Hnfs with superior heat transfer characteristics are required. This study examines the thermal and fluid dynamics of second-grade hybrid nanofluids with Al₂O₃ and Ag nanoparticles on an unsteady stretching sheet, considering suction, induced magnetic fields, and second-order mixed convection effects. This study bridges gaps in understanding viscoelastic fluid dynamics, magnetic effects, and advanced heat transfer, offering crucial insights to enhance efficiency in energy systems, electronics cooling, and magnetic fluid technologies. This study investigates unsteady flow and heat transfer using the Cattaneo-Christov model, considering thermal relaxation, viscous dissipation, radiation, and heat sources. The study derives governing equations from momentum, magnetic induction, and energy principles, transforms them into nonlinear ODEs, and solves using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method with quasi-linearization. The results indicate that fluid and IMF mobility increase with stagnation and second-grade parameters but decline when unsteady and magnetic parameters are present. Thermal behavior diminishes with non-linear mixed convection and thermal relaxation parameters and rises with increased magnetic and heat source effects. We calculate and graphically illustrate the Nusselt number and dimensionless skin friction coefficients for comprehensive analysis. This work finds specific applications in optimizing thermal management systems, magnetic fluid technologies, and energy systems where precise control over heat and fluid dynamics is essential for performance improvement. It also contributes to designing advanced cooling solutions in electronics and other high-performance systems.